2014-2015学年高二英语复习课件：Module 5《Cloning Grammar Everyday English Reading Practice》（外研版选修6）.pptVIP

虚拟语气(Ⅰ) 语气是表示讲话者对所述的内容的看法、心情或心态等。英语中语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气用于表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、假想、建议等不能实现的情况或说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。有时也有使语气缓和、委婉的作用。虚拟语气可用于状语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及其他结构中。 1.与现在事实相违背。 If I had time, I would help you with your lesson. 我要是有时间的话，就帮助你学习功课。(事实是：我没有时间) If I were you, I would not do it. 要是我是你的话，我不会做这件事的。(事实是：我不是你) 2．与过去事实相违背。 If I hadnt been caught by something, I would have come to your party yesterday. 我昨天要不是被一些事缠住了，我就会去参加你们的聚会了。(事实是：我昨天被某些事缠住了) If he had known her address, he would have gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。(事实是：他不知道她的地址) 3．与未来事实相违背。 ①If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. 要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。(假设的“有机会”的情况不大可能发生) ②If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。(假设的“天气好”的情况不大可能发生) (2)倒装虚拟句。如果从句中有were/should/had(“had”是过去完成时的助动词)时，省略if的同时，要把该词提到主语的前面，构成部分倒装。 If I had had any money with me, I could have lent you some. →Had I had any money with me, I could have lent you some. 要是我当时手头有钱的话，我可能会借你一些了。 二、含蓄虚拟条件句的七种表现形式 含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。其主要用法及表现形式可归纳如下： 1．将条件隐含在分词短语中 Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. (＝If he had been born in better times, he would...) 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。 2．将条件隐含在介词短语中 如but for, but that, without, in case of，under more favorable condition, in the absence of等。 But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们实验是不会成功的。 3．将条件隐含在名词短语中 A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就能见到这位著名的作家了。 4．将条件隐含在某些连词中 I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他的。 5．将条件隐含在定语从句中 Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看过那幅画的人，都可能把它看成照片了。 6．将条件隐含在一定的上下文中 You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。 三、错综时间虚拟条件句 有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上不一致(例如一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事实相反)，这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。在这种条件句中，动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。 If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now. 如果他听了我的话，他现在就不会有这样的麻烦。 注意：在错综时间虚拟条件句中，要注意时间状语，必须明确主从句动作发生的时