8.02amIntroductiontoStandardModel杨金民.pptVIP

Unitary rotations: diagonalized by bi-unitary transformation Quark mass matrix Yukawa couplings simultaneously diagonalized also unitary Fermions’ unitary rotations have only one impact in gauge couplings: Charged current coupling: t d, s, b For example: top decays t ? W d ~ |Vtd|2 t ? W s ~ |Vts|2 t ? W b ~ |Vtb|2 distinguishable e.g., b-tagging (1) Fields and Lagrangian Lecture 4 Some Discussions of SM QCD interactions: EW gauge interactions: Higgs gauge+Yukawa interactions: (2) Global flavor symmetry * 杨 金 民 中国科学院 理论物理研究所 Oct 17-20 2010 Lecture 4 Some Discussions of SM Lecture 6 Custodial Symmetry in SM Lecture 7 Top quark Lecture 8 Higgs boson Lecture 5: Neutrino Oscillation 1. e.g., L, B, isospin Examples: + 2. 2.1 ih D0 h/i Di -- not invariant under U(1) gauge transformation 2.2 U(1) gauge transformation 2.3 not SU(2) gauge invariant ! SU(2) gauge invariant ! -- note the difference from the SM SU(2) physical states degeneracy : Construct a model of EW interactions in 1971 M: the magnitization V V M-plane M-plane ? ? vacuum state: break O(2) symmetry ?? = ? - 0 obtain a physics mass ? ? physical excitation ? ? ?-plane ? = |?| e i? ? |?| |?| = v ? = 0 Summary: V(?) is a function of |?|2, independent of phase ? V(?) takes minimum at |? |= v with any ? value excitation in radial direction ? physical excitation Pick |0 at |? |= v, ?=0 V(?) has rotation symmetry |0 has no rotation symmetry excitation in polar direction ? zero energy excitation ? massless states (Goldstone bosons) In gauge theory: Goldstone bosons + massless gauge bosons ? Massive gauge bosons arbitrary matrix not hermitian *