7. group IA研讨.ppt

Sodium dissolves in liquid ammonia to form the deep blue solution in the lower half of the tube. At higher sodium concentrations, the metal-ammonia solution becomes bronze in color, as shown in the top half of the tube. Eventually, this solution will lose H2 to form sodium amide: ??? 2 Na (s) + 2 NH3 (l) ? 2 NaNH2 (s) + ? H2 (g) Although the alkali metals give a mixture of products when they react with oxygen, lithium gives mainly the oxide (left), sodium the very pale yellow peroxide (center), and potassium the yellow superoxide (right). Group I Compounds Halides NaCl 50 milliontons/year in U.S. Preservative, usedon roads, water softener regeneration,feed stock for other chemicals KCl from natural brines. Plant fertilizers, feed stock. Carbonates Li2CO3 is unstable relative to the oxide. Used to treat manic depression (1-2 g/day). Na2CO3 primarily used to manufacture glass. Currently mined from rich U.S. resources but can be manufactured by the Solvay process. Sodium Sulfate Oxides and Hydroxides Reaction with oxygen produces several ionic oxides. In limited oxygen supplies: M2O (small amounts of Li2O2 from Li). In excess oxygen: Li and Na form the peroxide, M2O2. K, Rb and Cs form the superoxide MO2. Diagonal Relationships Sodium Compounds Solvay Process * * alkali metal Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium and Cesium The common metals of this group are sodium (2.6% in the lithosphere, NaCl) and potassium (2.4%, KClMgCl2.6H2O, carnallite光卤石). Salt mines are considered to be good places to leave radioactive waste because they are not subject to groundwater flow - that is why the salt got left there in the first place! NaOH, Na2CO3, Na2SO4, Na3P3O9 and Na4SiO4 are among the top 50 industrial chemicals. Potassium salts, notable K2SO4 or KNO3, are an important component of fertilizer. Lithium alkyls are important reagents in synthesis. Na+ and K+ are very important physiological ions, and Li+ salts are used to treat certain mental disorders.