大学英语文化与影视课程之文艺复兴研讨.ppt

Renaissance I. General Introduction ★Renaissance—generally refers to western civilization in the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. ★Renaissance—means revival, especially in this period of history, revival of interests in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, therefore, in essence, was a historical period in which European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities. ★During the period of Renaissance, old science revived and new science emerged, national languages and national cultures free from the absolute control of the papal authority in Rome took shape and art and literature flourished as never before. ★Renaissance started in Florence and Venice with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe. ★In different countries, the movement occurred in different periods with different emphasis. ◆Italy—fine arts Leonardo da Vinci (达芬奇) Michelangelo Buonarroti （米开朗基罗） Raphael （拉斐尔） ◆France—Literature Michel Eyques de Montaigne （蒙田） ◆England—philosophy and drama William Shakespeare （莎士比亚） Florence Venice II. Renaissance in Italy 2.1 Historical background ★Because of its geographical position, foreign trade developed early in Italy. This brought Italy into contact with other cultures and gave rise to urban economy and helped Italy to accumulate wealth which was an essential factor for the flowering of art and literature. ★From the 11th century, cities began to rise in central and northern Italy. ★As time went on, the country was divided into city-estate that were ruled by princes of commerce maintaining a delicate balance of power between one another, and an alliance that was comparable to modern international relations. ★Towards the 15th century there