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ASunshadefortheplant地球防晒霜Evenwiththebestwill1intheworld,reducingourcarbonemissionsisnotgoingpreventglobalwarming.eclearthatevenifwetakethemoststrongmeasurestocontrolemissions,theuncertaintiesinourclimatemodelsstillleaveopenthepossibilityofextremewarmingandrisesinsealevel.Atthesametime,resistancebygovernmentsandspecialinterestgroupsmakesitquitepossiblethattheactionssuggestedbyclimatescientistsmightnotbeimplementedsoonenough.Fortunately,estotheworse2,scientistsstillhaveafewtricksuptheirsleeves3.placencythatmightthwarteffortstotackletherootoftheproblem.Untilnow,thatis.Agrowingnumberofresearchersaretakingafreshlookatlarge-scale“geoengineering”projectsthatmightbeusedtocounteractglobalwarming.“Iusetheanalogyofmethadone4,”saysStephenSchneider,aclimateresearcheratStanfordUniversityinCaliforniawhowasamongthefirsttodrawattentiontoglobalwarming.“Ifyouhaveaheroinaddict,thecorrecttreatmentishospitalization,andalongrehab.Butiftheyabsolutelyrefuse,methadoneisbetterthanheroin.Basicallytheideaistoapply“sunscreen”.eupwitharadicalplantocoolEarth:launchtrillionsoffeather-lightdiscsintospace,wheretheywouldformavastcloudthatwouldblockthesun’srays.It’scontroversial,butrecentstudiessuggesttherearewaystodeflectjustenoughofthesunlightreachingtheEarth’ssurfacetocounteractthewarmingproducedbythegreenhouseeffect.Globalclimatemodelsshowthatblockingjust1.8percentoftheincidentenergyinthesun’srayswouldcanceloutthewarmingeffectsproducedbyadoublingofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Thatcouldbecrucial,becauseeventhemostsevereemissions-controlmeasuresbeingproposedwouldleaveuswithadoublingofcarbondioxidebytheendofthiscentury,andthatwouldlastforatleastacenturymore.地球防晒霜就算怀着最美好的愿望,仅仅减少二氧化碳的排放量还是不能制止全球变暖。很明显,即便采取最强硬的措施来控制排放,气候的变化无常仍能导致极速变暖和海平面上升。另一方面,受到政府和特殊利益群体的阻挠,气候学家往往不能将措施很快实施彻底。’幸好,如果被逼上绝路,科学家们还有最后几招。在大多数情况下,他们拒绝讨论这些施,害怕人们会因此沾沾门喜而使这个问题不能被彻底解决。至少目前是这样。越来越多的研究者相信一项大型的地质丁程建设可用来抵御全球变暖。斯坦福大学的一位气象学家StephenSchneider最早提出气候变暖这项议题的学者之一。他说:“我把它比作***。如果你那里有一个***瘾者,那么正确的治疗方法就是住院,接受长时间的康复治疗。拒绝正常住院治疗,那服用***是一种缓解***毒瘾的