跨文化交际interculturalcommunicationchapter2解答.pptVIP

“猫头鹰”（owl） /aUl; aJl/ ［n］【1】 bird of prey that flies at night and feeds on small animals, eg mice, and is traditionally regarded as a symbol of wisdom 鸮, 猫头鹰（传统上认为是聪明的象征）. 【2】 (idm 习语) wise as an owl. Are they the same? “爱人” （lover) “玩” （play) “知识分子” (intellectual) “农民”（peasant） “小姐” （miss） “同志” （comrade） 2. Pragmatic Rules(语用规则) and Culture 1）Addressing *先生、小姐、同志、师傅 Mr. Mrs. Miss Ms. “Excuse me.” *“Old Zhang” “Little Li” Cf. 在英语国家，用姓作称谓只限于很少的几种情况，例如：在小学里教师对学生，教练对球员，监狱看守对于囚犯。 *“Wang Ju” “Senior Engineer” *Laoshi 2) Invitation “We must get together soon.”(我们一定得聚聚。) “Come over for dinner next Saturday night.” A: Hi, B. B: Hi. A: When are we going to get together? B: We really should. A: You know my office number. Just give me a call. B: Okay. A: Good. So long. B: Bye. 3) On the phone What’s the difference for Chinese people and American people to receive a phone? “我们首先发现的是在[电话]谈话的开头有一连串的‘hello’，双方都不说明自己的身份。在第二个来回当中，打电话的人要求接电话的人说明身份，这一要求遭到对方拒绝。反过来，接电话的人问打电话的人的身份，而打电话的人并不回答这一问题，相反却开始猜对方的身份。接电话的人也试图猜出对方是谁。在双方的猜测被证实以后，谈话通过一系列问候和答问进行，直到六个来回之后才正式提出谈话的主题，或者至少打电话一方表示他有问题需要提出。住在埃及的外国人普遍反应是电话谈话毫无规律可循。” （社会语言学家Schmidt对埃及人的215次电话谈话作出研究） 4) To apologize Case Study: What’s wrong here? In Japan, Richard, an engineer from the United States, has an unpleasant experience though he thought he had handled it well. A number of serious mistakes had occurred in a project he was supervising. While the fault did not lie with any one person, he was a supervisor and at least partly to blame. At a special meeting called to discuss the problem, poor Richard made an effort to explain in detail why he had done what he had done. He wanted to show that anybody in the same situation could have made the same mistake and to tacitly suggest that he should not be blamed unduly. He even went to the trouble of distributing materials which explained the situation rather clearly. And ye