合金元素和钎焊工艺对CuPAg钎料钎焊性能的影响.pdf

合金元素与钎焊工艺对Cu．P．Ag钎料钎焊性能的影响 摘要：通过感应熔炼方法制备合金元素Sn、P、X含量不同的Cu基 钎料，在不同工艺条件下对紫铜进行钎焊。采用DTA、XRD、SEM 和拉伸性能测试等手段，研究不同合金元素含量的Cu—P．Ag钎料特性 以及钎焊工艺对紫铜焊接接头的影响。初步分析了钎焊接头的形成过 程，考察了不同温度、保温时间条件下以及在不同合金元素含量的钎 料对焊接接头力学性能的影响，并探讨了微观结构与力学性能的关系， 最后通过焊后热处理强化焊接接头强度。 研究结果表明：焊缝主要是通过升温过程中先熔化的铜锡化合物 利用毛细作用力流入焊缝，发生反应，形成的焊缝主要由界面层、扩 散层和残余层组成。液态钎料首先主要通过晶界扩散与母材反应，而 后通过晶内扩散侵蚀母材，与母材形成化合物达到冶金结合。扩散层 主要为含有Sn、x的铜基固溶体，在界面区域主要为含锡的铜基固 溶体，脆性化合物Cu，P主要分布在焊缝中间残余层成为焊缝的薄弱 区域。 Sn元素可以有效的降低钎料的固液相线温度和熔化区间，X和P 对钎料的降熔作用不明显。X能改变钎料组织种脆性相Cu3P的形貌， 适量的x会使Cu，P由花瓣状向球状转变，P的含量与钎料中脆性相 的含量密切相关。保温时间延长，钎焊温度升高使焊缝中扩散层厚度 增加，温度过高钎料流失严重会导致钎焊缺陷的产生。 通过焊后回火处理消除接头处残余应力，在300℃下保温30min 就可以有效的消除残余应力，钎焊接头拉伸强度由190．107MPa上升 至211．065MPa，回火热处理增强了接头抗拉能力。 图41幅，表1 8张，参考文献66篇 关键词： 铜基钎料钎焊拉伸强度固液相线温度界面 分类号：TG425+．2 万方数据 The effect of alloy element and brazing process on Cu--P--Ag brazing performance Abstract：Copper base filler metal with different content of element Sn，P,X can be obtained by induction melting，which could be used for red copper brazing under various process conditions．To investigate the properties of Cu--P·-Ag filler with different alloy element composition and the impacts of brazing process towards the red copper joints， DTA，XRD，SEM and tensile tests are adopted．To analysis the forming steps of joint at the first stage，then observe the impacts of joints mechanical properties with different temperatures，preservation time and various alloy elements content．The relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties should be acquired，heat treatment is utilized for strengthen the joint properties after brazing as final stage． The research efforts shows that：Copper-Tin compound molten during the heating process，then flow into the weld line due to capillary force and react，weld line are composed with interface layer,diffusion layer and residual layer．Liquid filler metal react with base metal first due to grain boundary diffusion followed by erosion effect with intracrystalline diffusion which finally form compound as metallurgical bonding．Diff