职称英语2015版 课文详解 第九课.docVIP

9. Oil and Gas Generation 油气生成 1. Petroleum（石油） is a result of the deposition（沉积物） of plant or animal matter in areas which are slowly subsiding（下沉）. These areas are usually in the sea or along its margins in coastal lagoons or marshes（沼泽）, occasionally（偶尔） in lakes or inland swamps（沼泽）. Sediments are deposited along with the organic matter（有机质） and the rate of deposition of the sediments must be sufficiently rapid（迅速） for the organic matter to be preserved（保存） by burial before being destroyed by decay（腐烂）. As time goes on（随着时间的推移） the organic material is buried deeper and hence is exposed to higher temperatures and pressures. Eventually （最终）chemical changes result in the generation of petroleum. Ultimately the subsidence will stop and may even reverse. 1.石油是动植物在缓慢沉降区沉积演化而成的。这些地区通常是在海里，或者在海边的泻湖或沼泽中，偶尔在湖泊或内陆沼泽中。有机质和沉积物一起沉积下来，沉积速度必须足够快，才能使部分有机质在腐烂毁坏之前埋藏保存起来。随着时间的流逝和这个地区继续慢慢下沉，有机质埋藏德更深，从而处于更高的温度和压力之下。最后经过化学变化生成了石油。而下沉最终会停止甚至可能反过来上升。 2. As the great weight of the overlying rocks（上覆岩层） and sediments pushed downward, the organic material was squeezed out of （压出）its original sedimentary mud into adjacent（临近的） sandstones. Small globules of oil collected together in the pores of the rock and eventually migrated（迁移） upwards through layers of porous rock. Indeed, some of it eventually reached the surface and collected in large pools of tar（焦油）, which are called“seeps”or“shows”. However, some petroleum did not reach the surface. Instead（反而）, its upward migration was stopped by an impervious or impermeable layer of rock. It lay trapped in porous reservoir rocks, such as sandstone（石灰岩） or limestone（石灰岩）, far beneath the surface. 2.由于上覆岩层的重量和沉积物的不断下压，迫使石油离开它们的出生地，运移到附近砂岩中。油滴聚集在岩石空隙中，最终通过空隙性岩层向上运移。最后，部分石油到达地面形成大的焦油池。石油到达地表的地方叫做“油苗”或“油气显示”。然而，一些石油不能渗透到地面，在向上运移时被一些不渗透的岩层阻挡，于是就圈闭在远离地面以下的空隙性储油岩中，如砂岩或石灰岩。 3. Four prerequisites are necessary for（对…有必要的） oil and gas to accumulate in commercial quantities in an area:（1）The oil originates in（起源于） a source bed（生油层）, and a marine shale, onc