全国小学生英语能力竞赛(低年级)02-语音.docVIP

第二讲 英语语音基础知识 1．关于语音的几个概念 1 字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i y , o, u, 2 音标：词的语音形式。 3 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。 4 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, teacher, understand 5 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 6 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 7 开音节：a 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b 辅音+元音 he, go, hi 8 闭音节：a 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b 元音+辅音it 9 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 2. 元音： 1 [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling 2 [i] sit, build, miss, myth 3 [e] bed, desk, head, 4 [?] bad, land, bank, stamp 5 [a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt 6 [?] hot, want 7 [ ?:] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught 8 [u:] good, who, blue, soup, 9 [u] look, put, women, could 10 [Λ] cup, come, blood, rough 11 [?:] girl, work, serve, nurse 12 [?] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday 13 [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great, 14 [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye 15 [?u] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow 16 [au] house, town 17 [?i] boy, oil 18 [i?] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, 19 [ε?] pear, care, there, fair 20 [u?] tour, poor, 3. 容易混淆的元音 1 [e] [?] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land 2 [i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid 3 [e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide 4 [au] [?:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause 5 [au] [Λ] found fond; gown gone; down don 4. 辅音 1 [p] pen, 2 [b] bed, comb 3 [t] tell, 4 [d], day, played, wanted 5 [k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box 6 [g] big, go, guess, language 7 [m] man 8 [n] nine, knife, autumn 9 [η] bank, uncle, English, sing, 10 [l] land, world 11 [r] read, write, 12 [f] five, cough, laugh 13 [v] voice, of 14 [θ] think, 15 [ e] this, bathe 16 [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf 17 [z] zoo, close, 18 [∫] sure, she, social, nation 19 [/] pleasure, 20 [h] hot, who, hour 21 [w] wall, what, answer 22 [j] yes 23 [t∫] child, teach, catch 24 [d/] joke, bridge, 25 [ts] boat