医学英语课件7BIntestinal Obstruction.ppt

Warming up Look at the following pictures? Can you name them in English? And think：What do they have in common？ * * * * * Para. 2 What are the causes of mechanical obstruction? Question 2 Major: external hernia and postoperative adhesions Less common: strictures, tumor, foreign bodies, intussusception, and volvulus Para. 2 stricture: abnormal narrowing in a body part Translate: 机械性梗阻可能需要手术以修复胆总管狭窄或除去胆石。 Mechanical obstruction may require operation for repair of common bile duct stricture or for gallstones. Para. 2 Volvulus: an obstruction caused by twisting of the stomach or intestine E.g. At operation, massive small bowel infarction due to volvulus was found. 手术时发现大量小肠由于扭转而坏死。 Para. 2 What is intussusception? the telescoping of bowel into the adjacent segment Question 3 Intussusception can occur in any part of either intestine, but often occurs where the small intestine and large intestine meet. Intussusception occurs when a section of intestine slips inside nearby intestine. Para. 2 What is the most common form of intussusception? Question 4 The intussusception of the terminal ileum into the right colon Para. 2 The condition can also occur in adults when an intraluminal mass or tumor acts as a traction force and pulls the segment along as it telescopes into the distal segment. 这种情况也见于成年人，如肠腔内的团块或肿瘤作为牵引力，在它进入远端的肠段时，把肠的一段导入其中。 Para. 2 Mechanical bowel obstruction may be a simple obstruction, in which there is no alteration in blood flow, or a strangulated obstruction , in which there is impairment of blood flow and necrosis of bowel tissue. 机械性肠梗阻有单纯性梗阻和狭窄性梗阻之分；前者无血液流动方面的变化，而后者有血流的阻滞和肠组织的坏死。 What are the causes of paralytic obstruction? Para. 3 Question neurogenic or muscular impairment of peristalsis; abdominal inflammation,intestinal ischemia, pelvic fracture, back injuries; periotonitis; chemical irritation caused by bile bacterial toxins，electrolyte imbalances，vascular insufficiency peristalsis: (Physiology)the involunta