认知法,交际法,任务型语言教学研究.pptx

The Cognitive Approach The Communicative Approach Task-based Language Teaching(TBLT) 1204陈笑021202005 The Cognitive Approach The cognitive approach is a process which involves active mental process and not simply the forming of habits. Background (1)As the audio-lingual method was on the decline in the 1960s and many shortcomings were found in it. (2)It was an attempt to bring to language teaching the new insights of psychology , psycholinguistics , and modern development in linguistics. (3)The generative linguist is interest not only in describing language but also in explaining language . (4)The structural school of linguistics prided itself in a rigorous application of the scientific principle of observation of human languages. Theoretical Basis (1)theory of language ①Cognitive theory reflects the theoretic reorientation in linguistics and psycholinguistics that initiated by Chomsky in the 1960s. ②Chomsky and others claimed that every normal human being was born with a LAD(language acquisition device). The LAD included basic knowledge about the nature and structure of human language. (2)theory of learning ①It not only lays emphasis on innate organizing principles in human perception and learning, but also the various mental processes in thinking, remembering, perceiving, recognizing, classifying, etc. ②Piaget saw cognitive development as essentially a process of maturation, within which genetics and experience interact. ③J. B. Bruner(1966) emphasizes active restructuring of knowledge through experience with the environment. ④Contrary to Bruner, D. Ausubel(1968) emphasizes the role of expository or reception learning and is quite critical of some aspects of discovery learning. ⑤G. Kelly is one that encourages this process of making sense, of fitting or mapping the new onto the old to create a new understanding. Basic Principles (1)main features ①Teachers are required to tell the learner about the language, because knowledge of rules facili