机舱资源管理介绍.pptVIP

Kinds of Human Error人为过失的种类 Unintentional Action Intentional Action Unsafe Act Decision Slips Lapse Mistakes Violation Skill-Based Attentional Failure Memory Failure Rule-Based Knowledge-based Mistake Knowledge-based Routise Exceptional Adapations Basic Error Types Kinds of Human Error人为过失的种类 Kinds of Human Error人为过失的种类  A. Slips and lapses 疏忽和差错 B. Rule-based mistakes 基于法规的错误C. Knowledge-based mistakes 基于知识的错误 D. Cultural Conditioning 文化制约 E. Violation of safe practices 违反安全惯例 Slips Lapses 疏忽和失误 Distraction and preoccupation 注意力分散和偏见Changes to normal expected circumstances 正常可预见环境的变化Stress and fatigue 压力和疲劳 Kinds of Human Error人类错误的性质 A. Knowledge-Based Mistakes 基于知识的错误; B. Rule-based Mistakes 基于法规的错误； C. Skill-Based Mistakes 基于技能的错误； D. Cultural Conditioning 文化的制约； E.Violation of Safe Practice 违反安全惯例。 A. Knowledge-Based Mistakes 基于知识的错误 Real weakness due to ignorance 由于无知而犯错 Over confidence due to ignorance 由于无知而自负 A mistaken understanding of the principles involved 有关原则的理解错误 B. Rule-based Mistakes 基于法规的错误 Making a quick decision without consideration of the rules； 没有考虑法规而草率决定； Not noticing when a rule does not work； 没有注意到法规不适用； Misapplying to shortcut rules； 错误应用“简化的”法规；Making errors from ambiguous information； 由于信息不明确而犯错。 C. Skill-Based Mistakes 基于技能的错误 Lack of the training 缺乏训练 Not exchange of the experience 不交流经验 Less Practical Operation 实际操作过少 D. Cultural Conditioning  文化制约 Cultural conditioning can cause embarrassment in the command structure found on board ships. 文化制约在船上的指挥结构中会造成问题。Some cultures reinforce an acceptance of authority so that it is very difficult to question senior officers without feeling uncomfortable. 有些文化可加强对权威的认可，以致质询高级船员时因感到不自在而变得十分困难Other cultural influences include possible misunderstandings of intentions and a willingness to comply without question. 其他文化影响包括可能对意图的误解和毫无疑问地服从。 E. Violation of Safe