Foodchainandfoodweb食物链和食物网详解.pptxVIP

Function of an ecosystem What are the functions of an ecosystem? Element cycle (nutrient cycle) Energy flow Food chain and food web Key words Primary producer (初级生产者) Primary consumer(初级消费者) Secondary consumer(次级消费者) Tertiary consumer(三级消费者) Quandary consumer(四级消费者) Decomposer(分解者) Trophic levels(营养级) Autotroph(自养的) Heterotroph(异养的) Saprotroph (腐生的) Herbivore(草食者) carnivore(肉食者) Detritivore (腐食者, 食碎屑者) Omnivore (杂食者） Autotroph(自养的)/producers (生产者) Auto-=self -troph=eat Organisms that make its own food through photosynthesis Plants or cynobacteria Heterotroph (异养的)--Consumers Hetero-=different, other, -troph=eat cannot fix carbon for growth Depend on producer or other consumers for the energy they need to live Can be animals, fungi, or bacteria Consumer Herbivore Eat grass Carnivore—eat meat How about omnivores? Saprotroph (腐生的) Live on dead organic matter, secret digestive enzyme into it and absorbing the products of digestion. Organic inorganic most often associated with fungi (for example Rhizobium) and soil bacteria Decomposer A living organism get energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms Can be bacteria, fungi, protists, or detritivores (some organisms eating dead organisms), etc. Can help recycle of nutrients in the ecosystem Food chain Food web Through food chain and food web, nutrients (elements) were transferred and energy was flowed What is the original energy source on the earth? Who’s the most primary producer of organic matters and chemical energy? Energy flow The flow of energy Will the energy transfer from one trophic level to the next be 100% efficient?Where to be lost? Energy will be used by animals by moving, digestion, respiration, keeping warm, etc On average, only 10% of the ingested energy can be transferred to the next trophic level, and 90% will be used or lost Gross production (总生产力) Net production(净生产力) =Gross production-(the ones used +the