（参考）翻译理论与实践讲义.docVIP

翻译理论与实践讲义 第一章 绪论 Definition of translation 1. Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL). --Catford 2. To translate is to change into another language, remaining the sense.” -- Dr. Samuel Johnson 3. Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. --Eugene A. Nida 尤金奈达 1. Her mother died of difficult labor. 2. This is a very good price. 3. Millet made a portrait of Lady Chesterfield, which flatter her. 4. He always lives ahead of his salary. ? 第二章 翻译的过程 1. 阅读并分析原文 （ analysis ） 2. 将原文转为译入语 （ transfer ） 3. 对译文进行修订 （proofreading） 2.1 阅读并分析原文 2.1.1 原文的意图 一.语法结构的选择 二.形式对意义的表达 例如诗歌等 三、语义分析（ semantic analysis ） a. 词的概念意义（conceptual meaning）和关联意义（associative meaning ） chair the board meeting ②seat oneself in a wooden chair a sharp knife a sharp child a sharp turn sharp eyes b. 把握意义关系，注意同反义、褒贬义、多歧义关系。 He has the reputation of being a blood-sucker. ②She has made a reputation for herself through hard work. 2.1.2 原文的语言特点：形式意义和风格 一、表达性文本 (1) x：How much have you suffered, Irene? y：A lot. x：爱玲，你吃了多少苦？ y：一言难尽。 (2)嘴甜心苦，两面三刀，上头笑着，脚底下就使绊子，明是一把火，暗是一把刀，她都占全了。 译文：She’ll give you sweet talk when there’s hatred in her heart, she’s so double-faced and tricky. All the time she’s smiling she tried to strip you up, making a show of great warmth while she stabs you in the back. That’s way she is. 二、表达性文本 1. 一位充满传奇的影坛明星。一部超越时空的经典之作。窈窕淑女 正在放映！ A Legendary Star. A Timeless Classic. My Fair Lady 2. Live and Let Live （2002 世界艾滋病主题） 相互关爱，共享生命。 三、祈使性文本 烟花灿烂庆回归 1. Firework display in Hong Kong 2. 试论当前高校党的建设 On Party Building at Colleges Today 3. 免费入场 Admission Free 2.1.3 原文中的文化因素 谋事在人成事在天 Man proposes, heaven disposes. (Yang) Man proposes, God disposes. (Hawkes) 小犬将于下月结婚 。 Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨天夜里我听见他鼾声如雷。 cat’s paw 喻“被人当作工