第一章几何光学基本原理技术分析.ppt

§1-7 理想像和理想光学系统 The demands for the optical system 1. The image must be clear. Part A is clear; but part B is not clear. 2. The image must be distortion-free. A B Part A is distortion-free; but part B is distortionless. What are the image that? 1. The Snell law is not linear. 2. Diffractive effects. When are the optical system imaging perfectly? A point images a point. A line images a line. A plane images a plane. When it meeting previous three conditions the optical system is called perfect optical system. 理想光学系统 A point images a point Airy disk The Airy disk is very small so we consider that a point images a point. Diffractive effect Abberated point A line images a line A B Q Suppose: The image of A is A’; the image of B is B’. 连接AB和A’B’为直线。在直线AB上任意取一个点Q，那么从Q射出的光线中必然有一条沿着直线AB，它的射光线也必然沿着A’B’，所以Q的像点Q’一定在A’B’上。由于Q是任意取的，所以AB上所有点的像都在A’B’上。 Optical system A plane images a plane Suppose: The image of AB is A’B’; the image of AC is A’C’. The AB and AC determine a plane P, and A’B’ and A’C’ also determine a plane P’. 在P平面上任意取一条直线，交AB于E，AC于F。按照直线成直线的规律，则E的像点E’必然在A’B’上，F的像点F’必然在A’C’上。因此，EF的像E’F’必然在平面P’上。 A B C Optical system F E P plane plane * 应用光学 Zhao Cunhua Lecturer Email: zhao.cun.hua@163.com Tel.Applied Optics 第一章 几何光学基本原理 Chapter 1: The basic principle of geometric optics lightning sun candlepower fire firefly moon §1-1 Light wave and ray We are all in a color world. What is light？ 1666年，伟大的科学家Newton支持光的粒子说 Reflection Spring collision Newton: English famous scientist. 1678年，科学家Huygens支持光的波动说 What is light？ Huygens: Netherlands famous scientist. 1799年，Young完成了著名的双缝实验，证明了光具有相干性。 1815年，法国工程师Fresnel向法国科学院提交了《Optical diffraction》的论文。 1865年，著名英国科学家Maxwell预言光是一种电磁波。 1888年，德国物理学家Hertz通过实验证实了Maxwell的结论。 1905年，为了解释光电效应，Einstein引入了光量子假说。 1923年，美国物理学家Compton发现Compton效应。 光具有波粒二相性 wave-particle duality What is light？ The light is so weak that only one photon passes the small hole. What is light？ 400～760nm 380～760nm 390～780nm Electromagnetic Spe