语法专题十二主谓一致和倒装句.doc

语法专题十二 主谓一致和倒装句(第一课时) 2015年4月29日 周三 考试目标： 主谓一致是中考必考的又一个语法项目，通常会在单项选择题﹑完形填空或看图短文填空等题中出现。 教学目标： 1复习巩固主谓一致，并对中考的高频考点进行梳理。讲练结合，让学生更具体化地掌握和运用该考点。 教学重难点：复习掌握主谓一致三种原则： 语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。 考点梳理 主谓一致三种原则： 语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。语法一致即主语为单数谓语就用第三人称单数形式，主语是复数，谓语就用复数；意义一致即从含义上去处理一致关系。如主语形式上是单数，但其代表复数意义，则谓语动词用复数；就近原则即谓语的单复数形式取决于就近的主语形式。 考点一：语法一致的原则 1. 以单数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数名词时，谓语用复数。 No news is good news. He goes to school early every morning. The children are playing outside. 2. 由and或both…and…连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。 His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl. （指他既是老师也是朋友） The poet and writer has come. （指他既是诗人又是作家，有两种身份） 3. 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each，every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help. 4. 主语后面跟有 but ，except，besides，with，together with，along with，as well as 等介词短语，谓语动词要和主语保持一致。 The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. 5. 一些有复数意义的名词，如people，police，cattle，clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 A lot of people are dancing outside. The police are looking for the lost boy. 6. 不定代词或由each，some，any，no，every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。 Is everybody ready？ Somebody is using the phone. 7. 有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses，shoes，trousers，chopsticks，scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。 Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them. Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 8. 动词不定式、v-ing或句子作主语，谓语动词用单数。 To work hard is necessary for a student. Reading is learning. What he said is right. 9. “ a number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。表示“许多”。 “the number of +复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。表示“…的数量”。 A number of trees are cut down every year. The number of the students in our class is 60. 考点再现 ( B ) 1. The numbe