ch1-DataStorage.ppt

Computer Science : An overview Part I Machine Architecture Chapter 1: Data Storage 1.1 Bits and Their Storage 1.1.1 boolean operation 1.1.2 gates and flip-flop 1.1.3 Hexadecimal notation 1.2 Main Memory 1.3 Mass Storage 1.4 Representing Information as Bit Patterns Bit pattern Data Inside the Computer Bit Bit 比特: Binary Digit (0 or 1). A bit (binary digit) is either one of two digits-0 and 1-which for now we will consider merely as symbols with no numeric meaning Chapter 1: Data Storage 1.1 Bits and Their Storage 1.1.1 boolean operation 布尔运算 1.1.2 gates and flip-flop 1.1.3 Hexadecimal notation 1.2 Main Memory 1.3 Mass Storage 1.4 Representing Information as Bit Patterns 1-6 1.1.1 Boolean Operations 布尔运算 Boolean Operation : An operation that manipulates one or more true/false values Specific operations AND 与运算 OR 或运算 XOR (exclusive or) 异或运算 NOT 非运算 1-7 The Boolean operations AND, OR, and XOR (exclusive or) Question 已知X =, Y =，求 X AND Y ? Chapter 1: Data Storage 1.1 Bits and Their Storage 1.1.1 boolean operation 1.1.2 gates and flip-flop 1.1.3 Hexadecimal notation 1.2 Main Memory 1.3 Mass Storage 1.4 Representing Information as Bit Patterns 1-10 1.1.2.Gates and flip-flops Gate 门: A device that produces the output of a Boolean operation when given the operation‘s input values is called a gate 对电信号执行基础运算的设备。接受一个或多个输入信号，产生一个输出信号。 现代计算机中的门是由晶体三极管构成的。相应称为与门，或门，非门。 1-11 Figure 1.2 A pictorial representation of AND, OR, XOR, and NOT gates as well as their input and output values question P26 No.1 Circuit 电路 由门组合而成，完成更复杂的任务。 计算机中的电路也可称为 “逻辑电路” 其中有种电路是用于存储数据，保存数据 1-14 Flip-flops触发器 Flip-flop: A circuit built from gates that can store one bit. One input line is used to set its stored value to 1 One input line is used to set its stored value to 0 While both input lines are 0, the most recently stored value is preserved 1-15 Figure 1.3 A simple flip-flop circuit Flip-flop A circuit that keeps the output at state 0 or 1 until excited to shift t