材料力学中英对照词汇.docVIP

材料力学中英对照词汇 A 安全因数 safety factor B 半桥接法 half bridge 闭口薄壁杆 thin-walled tubes 比例极限 proportional limit 边界条件 boundary conditions 变截面梁 beam of variable cross section 变形 deformation 变形协调方程 compatibility equation 标距 gage length 泊松比 Poisson’s ratio 补偿块 compensating block C 材料力学 mechanics of materials 冲击荷载 impact load 初应力，预应力 initial stress 纯剪切 pure shear 纯弯曲 pure bending 脆性材料 brittle materials D 大柔度杆 long columns 单位荷载 unit load 单位力偶 unit couple 单位荷载法 unit-load method 单向应力，单向受力 uniaxial stress 等强度梁 beam of constant strength 低周疲劳 low-cycle fatigue 电桥平衡 bridge balancing 电阻应变计 resistance strain gage 电阻应变仪 resistance strain indicator 叠加法 superposition method 叠加原理 superposition principle 动荷载 dynamic load 断面收缩率 percentage reduction in area 多余约束 redundant restraint E 二向应力状态 state of biaxial stress F 分布力 distributed force 复杂应力状态 state of triaxial stress 复合材料 composite material G 杆，杆件 bar 刚度 stiffness 刚架，构架 frame 刚结点 rigid joint 高周疲劳 high-cycle fatigue 各向同性材料 isotropical material 功的互等定理 reciprocal-work theorem 工作应变计 active strain gage 工作应力 working stress 构件 structural member 惯性半径 radius of gyration of an area 惯性积 product of inertia 惯性矩，截面二次轴距 moment of inertia 广义胡克定律 generalized Hook’s law H 横向变形 lateral deformation 胡克定律 Hook’s law 滑移线 slip-lines J 基本系统 primary system 畸变能理论 distortion energy theory 畸变能密度 distortional strain energy density极惯性矩，截面二次极矩 polar moment of inertia极限应力 ultimate stress 极限荷载 limit load 挤压应力 bearing stress 剪力 shear force 剪力方程 equation of shear force 剪力图 shear force diagram 剪流 shear flow 剪切胡克定律 Hook’s law for shear 剪切 shear 交变应力，循环应力 cyclic stress 截面法 method of sections 截面几何性质 geometrical properties of an area 截面核心 core of section 静不定次，超静定次数 degree of a statically indeterminate problem 静不定问题，超静定问题 statically indeterminate problem 静定问题 statically determinate problem 静荷载 static load 静矩，一次矩 static moment 颈缩 necking K 开口薄壁杆 bar of thin-walled open cross section 抗拉强度 ultimate stress in tension 抗扭截面系数 section modulus