新概念四Lesson 30.pptVIP

The Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago[,ɑ:ki‘pel?ɡ?u] 群岛 is a group of 15 small islands and rocks in the Atlantic Ocean. HMS Challenger (1858) HMS: abbr. 英国政府公务（Her/ His Majesty‘s Service）；皇家海军舰艇（Her/ His Majesty’s Ship） HMS Challenger: a steam-assisted Royal Navy corvette([k?:vet]轻巡洋舰) launched on 13 February 1858 She was picked to undertake the first global marine research expedition: the Challenger expedition. To enable her to probe the depths, all but two of the Challengers guns had been removed and her spars reduced to make more space available. Laboratories, extra cabins and a special dredging platform疏浚平台were installed. She was loaded with specimen jars标本缸, alcohol for preservation of samples, microscopes 显微镜and chemical apparatus, trawls拖网，排钩 and dredges疏浚机, thermometers温度计 and water sampling bottles, sounding leads测深锤 and devices to collect sediment沉淀物 from the sea bed and great lengths of rope with which to suspend the equipment into the ocean depths海洋深处. In all总共 she was supplied with 181 miles (291km) of Italian hemp意大利大麻 for sounding测探水深, trawling拖网作业 and dredging疏浚，挖掘. Lesson 30 Exploring the sea-floor How did people probably imagine the sea-floor before it was investigated? Our knowledge of the oceans a hundred years ago was confined to the two-dimensional shape of the sea surface and the hazards of navigation presented by the irregularities in depth of the shallow water close to the land. The open sea was deep and mysterious, and anyone who gave more than a passing thought to the bottom confines of the oceans probably assumed that the sea bed was flat. Sir James Clark Ross had obtained a sounding of over 2,400 fathoms in 1839, Sir James Clark Ross (1800 –1862), was a British naval officer and explorer. He explored the Arctic[‘ɑ:ktik] with his uncle Sir John Ross and Sir William Parry, and later led his own expedition to Antarctica[?nt’ɑ:ktik?] 南极. but it was not until 1869, when H. M. S. Porcupine was put at the disposal o