noise.ppt

contents Chapter 1 Characteristics of noise 第一章 噪声的特性 Chapter 2 Harm of noise 第二章 噪声的危害 Chapter 3 Controlling of noise 第三章 噪声的控制 Chapter 1 Characteristics of noise 1.What is noise? ----it is defined as ‘unwanted’ sound. 2.How is sound measured? --Sound may be defined as any pressure variation that the human ear can detect. --Sound that travels through the air in waves has two major properties: the frequency or speed at which the waves vibrate（振动） and the intensity of each vibration. Sound waves have many of the same characteristics as water waves, but they are longitudinal waves（纵波）, created by a mechanical vibration in a medium that produces a series of compressions and rarefactions（变稀薄） in a medium. （1）frequency When sound travels through air, the atmospheric pressure varies periodically（周期地）. The number of pressure variations per second is called the frequency of sound, and is measured in Hertz (Hz) which is defined as cycles per second. （1）frequency When sound travels through air, the atmospheric pressure varies periodically（周期地）. The number of pressure variations per second is called the frequency of sound, and is measured in Hertz (Hz) which is defined as cycles per second. （1）frequency Frequency determines the pitch, with higher frequencies producing higher pitch notes and lower frequencies producing lower pitch notes. The sounds produced by drums have much lower frequencies than those produced by a whistle. （2）intensity/ loudness the loudness of sound is commonly expressed in decibel (dB). Sound is measured on a decibel scale and expressed in dBA. The range for normal hearing is generally between 0 and 130 decibels (dBA). Mechanical Vibration Noise机械振动噪声 ——由于机械摩擦、撞击及动力不平衡等产生机械振动而辐射出的噪声。 Air power noise空气动力性噪声 ——凡高速气流、不稳定气流以及由于气流与物体相互作用产生的噪声。 electromagnetic noise电磁噪声 ——由于电磁场的交替变化，引起某些机械部件或空间容积振动产生的噪声。 Chapter 1 Characteristics of noise 第一章 噪声的特性 Chapter 2 Harm of noise 第二章 噪声的危害 Chap