2015年高中化学竞赛辅导 无机化学 16.2配位化合物的同分异构现象知识点素材.docVIP

§16-2 配位化合物的同分异构现象 The Isomerism of Complexes 一、总论： 　1．Definition：凡是化学组成相同的若干配合物，因原子间的连接方式或空间排列方式的不同而引起的结构和性质不同的现象，称为配合物的同分异构现象。 2．Classification (1) 化学结构异构现象（hemical structure isomerism）化学组成相同，原子间的连接方式不同而引起的异构现象称为化学异构现象例如： 和 (2) 立体异构现象stereo isomerism）：化学组成相同，空间排列不同而引起的异构现象称为立体异构现象。例如： cis – 二氯·二氨合铂(II) trans - 二氯·二氨合铂(II) 二、化学结构异构现象，大致分为五类： Ionization isomerism, Hydrate isomerism, Linkage isomerism, Coordination isomerism, Polymerization isomerism. 　1．Ionization isomerism (1) Two coordination compounds which differ in the distribution of ions between those directly coordinated and counter-ions present in the crystal lattice are called ionization isomers. (2) e.g. [Cr(NH3)5Br]SO4 and [Cr(NH3)5SO4]Br 　2．Hydrate isomerism (Solvent isomerism) (1) Hydrate isomerism is similar to ionization isomerism except that an uncharged ligand changes from being coordinated to a free-lattice position whilst another ligand moves in the opposite sense. (2) e.g. [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 ，·H2O ，·2H2O 　3．Linkage isomerism (1) The first example of this type of isomerism was provided by J(rgensen, Werner’s contemporary. His method of preparation was as follows： (2) It deals with a few ligands (ambidenatate) that are capable of bonding through are type of donor atom in one situation not a different atom in another complex. Some authors refer to this type of isomerism as “structural isomerism” but inasmuch as all isomerism is basically “structural” , the term linkage isomerism is preferable. (3) e.g. and and 　4．Coordination isomerism (1) This may occur only when the cation and anion of a salt are both complexes, the two isomers differing in the distribution of ligands between the cation and anion