农民工社会保障的现状和问题研究.pdf

摘 要 近几年，越来越多的农民进城务工，他们为城市的发展做出了巨大的贡献。 但由于城乡分割的“二元社会”以及与之对应的“二元就业结构”的存在，农民 工身份的转换滞后于其职业的变换，农民工作为新的产业工人的身份没有得到广 泛的认同，致使他们长期游离在城乡之间，成为不受保护的“边缘人”，也使得 他们被排除在应有的社会保障体系之外。 在中国的改革发展进程中，传统的社会保障体系已被完全打破，能够适应市 场经济体制和社会发展要求的新型社会保障体系尚未全面确立，中国的社会保障 安全网还有很多漏洞，以农民工为主体的流动人口规模日益巨大，社会风险正在 持续累积。 弱势群体的民生问题，是任何一个崇尚公平与正义的社会必须正视的问题。 现代社会保障是全体公民依法享受的权利，无论面临什么困难，农民工的社会保 障权益都应该得到实现，这样才能体现社会的公正性，体现政府的全民性和公共 性。 虽然存在着诸多困难，但将农民工纳入社会保障体系却是刻不容缓的。在本 文中，笔者试图结合众家之长，提出一个相对系统化，具有可操作性的建立农民 工社会保障制度的对策建议。 关键词：农民工；社会保障； 社会保障体系 Abstract In recent years．more and more farmers go to cities to find jobs．They contribute a Iot to progress of cities．However，because of the existence of ruraI—urban divided duaI istic SOCiety and corresponding duaI istic empIoyment structure，the transition of identity of farmer Iabors Iagged behindthetransition ofthei r occupation．andthe vi suaIization offarmer Iabors．as new industries’workers have not been wideIY recognized yet． So they are always diSSOCiated from both counties and cities and becoming “fringe peepIe”without protection who are excIuded by the current SOCiaI secur i ty system． During china’s reform and opening-up。with traditionaI SOCiaI security system broken．new SOCiaI security system SUitabIe for market economy system and SOC i a I deve I opment requ i rements have not been estabIished．There are stiII many cracks in Chinese SOCiaI security system for increasingIY Iarge migrant popuIation．and accumuIating risks． The l iveI ihood for disadvantaged group shouId be pay attention by fai r and just in SOCiety．Modern SOCiaI security is the right entitIed to peopIe by Iaw which can represent the fair．aI I—round and pubI icity of society．No matter what ia faced difficuIt．SOCiaI security rights and interests of farmers hunt for work in citjes shouId aIl be rea|Ized．That cogId refIect the fai rness of the SOCiety．refIect the government is for the enti re peopIe and pubI ic． Key Words：Farmer Iabors：SociaI insurance：SociaI security system 2 前言 孟子在《礼运大同篇》中写道：“大道之行也，天下为公，选贤与能，讲信 修睦