Lesson 12 Shear Operation and Die.docVIP

Lesson 12 Shear Operation and Die Shear operation The shearing process involves cutting sheet metal by subjecting it to shear stresses [1], usually between a punch and a die much like a paper punch (Fig.12-1). The punch and die may be any shape; they may be circular or straight blades similar to a pair of scissors. The major variables in the shearing process are: the punch force P, the speed of the punch, lubrication, surface condition and materials of the punch and die, their corner radii, and the clearance between the punch and the die. 冲裁就是通过对板料施加剪切应力使其分离的工序，通常将板料夹在冲模与型腔中间。冲模和型腔有可能是各种形状的，他们类似于一对剪刀，有可能是环形刃口或直刃口。冲裁中的主变量包括：冲裁力、冲裁速度、润滑、板料的表面质量以及冲模和型腔的材料、冲模和型腔的圆角半径以及冲裁间隙。 Fig.12-2(a) shows the schematic illustration of shearing with a punch and die, indicating some of the process variables. Fig.12-2(b) presents the characteristic features of a punched hole and the slug. Note that the scales of the two figures are different. 图12-2(a)通过示意图展示了冲模和型腔的剪切过程并标示了部分冲裁变量。图12-2(b)给出了冲孔和落料的断面特征，我们发现两种断面特征不尽相同。 The cutting of metal between die components is a shearing process in which the metal is stressed in shear two cutting edges to the point of fracture, or beyond its ultimate strength [2]. 利用模具对金属进行剪切就是冲裁，金属材料在两侧冲裁刃口的剪切应力下达到破坏点，或者说超过它的极限强度，后产生分离。 The metal is subjected to both tensile and compressive stresses, stretching beyond the elastic limit occurs, then plastic deformation, reduction in area, and finally, fracturing starts through cleavage planes in the reduced area and becomes complete[3]. 金属受拉伸和压缩两种应力的作用，超过材料本身的弹性极限后就开始发生塑性变形、断面收缩，最后从开裂面处裂纹扩展直至材料完全分离。 The fundamental steps in shearing or cutting are shown in Fig.12-3. The pressure applied by the punch on the metal tends to deform it into the die opening. When the elastic limit is exceeded by further loading, a portion of the metal will be forced into the die opening in the form of an embossed pad on the lower face of the material [4]. A corresponding depression results on the upper face, as indicated in Fig.12-3 (a). As