钢材英文术语.docVIP

钢材专业术语? ------ ADDITIONS: Materials, typically alloy elements, added to molten steel to produce the chemical specifications for the desired steel grade. ALLOY: A substance that has metallic properties and is comprised of two or more chemical elements of which at least one is a metal. ALLOY STEEL: Steel containing one or more alloying element. Steel is classified as alloy when the maximum content of alloying elements exceeds one or more of the following: manganese 1.65%, silicon 0.60%, copper 0.60%. ALLOYING ELEMENTS: Chemical elements added for improving the properties of the finished products. Some alloying elements are nickel, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, and silicon. ANNEALING: A process involving heating and cooling, usually applied to induce softening of steel. The term also refers to treatments intended to alter mechanical or physical properties, produce a definite microstructure or remove gasses. ARGON SHROUD: A procedure using argon gas to shield molten steel from oxygen as it is teemed from the ladle. ARGON STIRRING: An inert gas introduced through a nozzle to stir molten steel to promote chemical and temperature homogenization and float out inclusions. AUSTENITE: High-temperature solid form of steel with face-centered cubic crystal structure. ----- BILLET: A semi-finished piece of steel that results from rolling an ingot or a bloom. It may be square but is never more than twice as wide as thick. Its cross-sectional area is usually not more than 36 square inches. BLOOM: A semi finished piece of steel resulting from the rolling or forging of an ingot. A bloom is square or not more than twice as wide as thick and usually not less than 36 square inches in cross-sectional area. BLOOM SHEAR: A shear used to cut a rolled ingot into shorter bloom lengths or to cut off the ends of a bloom. BLOWHOLE: An internal cavity in steel produced by gases during the solidification of the metal. BOTTOM POURING: The process of pouring ingots using a r