reading 3-2.pptVIP

Section 3 Unit 2 Pain during Labor labor: 分娩 childbirth: 分娩 react to: 对…做出反应 deal with: 对待 childbirth preparation methods: 产前准备 maternal discomfort: 母亲的不适 Neurologic Origins the first stage of labor: 第一产程 uterine contraction: 子宫收缩 cervical dilatation: 宫颈口扩张 dilatate: a. 膨胀的 effacement: n. 消失 uterine ischemia: 子宫缺血 local oxygen deficit: 局部缺氧 myometrium: n. 子宫肌层 myo- 肌肉 pain impulse: 疼痛刺激 spinal nerve: 脊神经 thoracic: a. 胸的 lumber: a. 腰部的 sympathetic nerves: 交感神经 cervix: n. 子宫颈 visceral pain: 脏腑痛 thigh: n. 大腿 the second stage of labor: 第二产程 expulsion: n. 排出；娩出 somatic pain: 躯体痛 stretching: 牵拉 traction: n. 收缩 peritoneum: n. 腹膜 uterocervical: a. 子宫宫颈的 utero: 子宫 expulsion forces: 排出力；产力 pelvic: a. 骨盆的 pain impulse: 疼痛冲动 parasympathetic system: 副交感神经系统 para- 副 the third stage of labor: 第三产程 cramp: n. 痉挛 tearing: n. 撕裂 bursting: n. 胀裂 distention: n. 扩张 laceration: n. 撕裂 vagina: n. 阴道 flank: n. 侧腹 Expression of Pain psychic: a. 精神的 reflex: n. 反射 prickling pain: n. 刺痛 burning pain : n. 灼痛 aching pain : n. 隐痛 throbbing pain: n. 抽痛 sharp pain: 锐痛 cramping pain: n. 绞痛 give rise to: 引起 identifiable: a. 可视为相同的 in response to: 对…作出反应 pallor: n. 面色苍白 diaphoresis: n. 出汗 bouts of: 阵发的 excessive perspiration: 大汗 affective expression: 情感表达 perceptual field: 感知范围 hand clenching: 握拳 writhing: n. （因极度痛苦而）扭动，翻滚 excitability: n. 应激性 Perception of Pain threshold: n. 阈值 perception of pain: 疼痛的感受 counterstimuli: n. 反向刺激 primary social group: 主体的社会团体 Pain is personalized for each individual: 疼痛是一个个体化的感受 border on: 接近 sleep deprivation: 缺乏睡眠 parity: n. 孕产次数 primiparous women: 初产妇 vicious circle: 不良循环/恶性循环 substance abuse: 滥用毒品 nerve cell grouping: 神经细胞群 spinal cord: 脊髓 brainstem: n. 脑干 cerebral cortex: 大脑皮层 gate-control theory: 闸门控制理论 hypnosis: n. 催眠术 pathway: n. 通路 stroking: n. 安抚法 block: v. 阻挡 pain signal: 疼痛信号 neuromuscular: a. 神经肌肉的 transmission of pain: 疼痛的传导 cognitive activity: 认知活动 directed cortical activity: 有导向的皮层活动 labor pain: 分娩痛 physiologic response: 生理反应 uterine contractili