Airway Management气道管理.ppt

AIRWAY EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT Kechang HUANG DEPARTMENT OF ANESTHESIOLOGY, WEIFANG MEDICAL COLLEGE E-mail hkc62@163.com INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION The major responsibility of the anesthesiologist is to provide adequate respiration for the patient The most vital element in providing functional respiration is the airway No anesthetic is safe unless diligent efforts are devoted to maintaining an intact functional airway The same principles of airway management are equally applicable to all clinical situations in which respiratory inadequacy may develop. METHODS OF AIRWAY MANAGEMENT EVALUATION OF THE AIRWAY METHODS OF AIRWAY MANAGEMENT Mask airway Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Endotracheal intubation Orotracheal intubation Nasotracheal Intubation Fiberoptic intubation Retrograde tracheal intubation MASK AIRWAY Anesthesia face masks of rubber or plastic are employed to administer oxygen and anesthetic gases to ventilate the nonintubated patient MASK AIRWAY ——Indications To provide inhalation anesthesia for short procedures in patients not at risk for regurgitation of gastric contents To preoxygenate (denitrogenate) a patient before endotracheal intubation To assist or control ventilation as part of initial resuscitation. MASK AIRWAY ——Technique placement of a face mask and maintenance of a patent airway The mask should fit snugly around the bridge of the nose, cheeks, and mouth Clear plastic masks allow for observation of the lips —— color (cyanosis) Mouth —— secretions or vomitus 2 .Mask placement. with one hand with two hands Technique——holding the mask with one hand Technique for holding the mask with one hand. The mask is held in the left hand the little finger —— at the angle of the mandible the 3rd and 4th fingers —— along the mandible the index finger and thumb —— on the mask The right hand is available to control the reservoir bag Technique——hold