第01章 国际贸易理论的微观基础(讲义).pptVIP

International Economics § 1 1. in narrow sense 1. Positive Analysis?  实证分析 Modern trade theory seeks to answer the following questions: § 2 Take no account of monetary factor NSX denotes supply curve of commodity X, which is positively sloped.NDX denotes demand curve of commodity X, which is negatively sloped. An improvement in a nation’s terms of trade （贸易条件改善）requires that the prices of its exports rise relative to the prices of its imports over the given time period. A smaller quantity of export goods sold abroad is required to obtain a given quantity of imports. A deterioration in a nation’s terms of trade （贸易条件恶化）is due to a rise in its import prices relative to its export prices over a time period. The purchase of a given quantity of imports would require the sacrifice of greater quantity of exports. § 3 Chapter 1 is Over Thank you ! Figure 1-6、1-7 国际供给曲线与国际需求曲线 The intersection of national demand curve and national supply curve determines equilibrium output、consumption level and relative price in the absence of trade. （三）The relative price difference and The occurrence of international trade in autarky A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations is a reflection of their comparative advantage and forms the basis for mutually beneficial trade. Figure 1-8、1-9 相对价格差与国际贸易的发生 PX/PY X 1 NSAX NDAX PX/PY X 2 NSBX NDBX 四、General Equilibrium in Open Economy （一） General equilibrium conditions Y X PW Q C Figure 1-10 开放条件下的一般均衡 0 （二）International equilibrium price Excess Demand Curve Excess Supply Curve PX/PY XP-XC Figure 1-11 过剩供给曲线 A国过剩供给曲线 PX/PY X 1 NSAX NDAX PX/PY XC-XP Figure 1-12 过剩需求曲线 B国过剩需求曲线 PX/PY X 2 NSBX NDBX PX/PY 过剩供给或需求 PWX / PWY A国过剩供给曲线 2 Figure 1-13 国际均衡价格 1 B国过剩需求曲线 五、Gains from Trade （一）The measurement of gains from trade Terms of Trade 贸易条件 Terms of Trade of a nation are defined as the ratio of the price of its export commodity to the price of its import commodity. Import Pri