新课程背景下的化学实验教学的方法路径(精选).docVIP

新课程背景下的化学实验教学的方法路径 Under the background of new curriculum chemistry experimental teaching method of path 实验是高中化学课程的重要组成部分，无论是必修教材还是选修教材，都将化学实验作为学生获取知识、发展能力的重要途径。但在教学现实中，由于新课程知识内容大量增加、教学课时减少、高考难度并没有降低等原因，使得实验这一“软模块”成了被挤压的对象。学生实验能力明显下降，学科素养明显滑坡。加强实验教学，并切实落实在教学行为上，具有重要的现实意义。 Experiment is an important part of high school chemistry curriculum, whether compulsory teaching material or elective textbooks, will all the chemical experiment for students to acquire knowledge, develop ability of important ways. But in the reality of teaching, because of increased knowledge content of new curriculum, teaching hours, difficulty of the college entrance examination did not decrease, makes the experiment object of soft module has been squeezed. Students experimental ability decreased obviously, subject quality decline. Strengthen experiment teaching, and practical implementation in teaching behavior, has important practical significance. 一、全面规划，统筹实验教学内容 One, comprehensive planning, experimental teaching contents as a whole 新课程突出了实验教学的地位，强化了实验在各章节中的引领、研究、获取结论、应用结论的作用。教学中，必须对实验教学内容进行全面规划，统筹安排，使之既与化学知识的教学密切配合，为讲解新知识提供鲜明、生动的感性认识，又能有步骤、循序渐进地培养学生的实验能力。 New curriculum highlights the position of experiment teaching, to strengthen the experiment led in the chapters, research and conclusion, the application effect is obtained. Teaching, experiment teaching content must be comprehensive planning, overall arrangement, make the teaching closely cooperate with both the knowledge of chemistry, to explain the new knowledge provides a bright and vivid perceptual knowledge, and step by step, gradually cultivate the students experiment ability. 以苏教版高中化学必修1的教学为例，我们设想将实验能力的培养分为三个阶段： To Sue version of high school chemistry compulsory teaching 1 as an example, we assume the experimental ability is divided into three stages: 第一阶段，在初中化学的基础上进行基本操作训练，培养学生掌握操作、观察、描述、记录的方法和能力。根据教材内容，具体安排如下实验：（1）药品取用、加热、溶解、过滤、结晶、粗盐提纯；（2）萃取分液、蒸发蒸馏、纸上层析、白酒度数的测定；（3）常见胶体的制备、常见阴阳离子检验；（4）溶液配制。将单项训练与综合练习相结合，基本操作与具体实验相结合的方法，可以使学生的操作