学院生命科学学院生物科学专业详解.doc

学院：生命科学学院生物科学专业 班级：0701 姓名：段青 学号：2007114010105 REVIEW综述 Many roads to maturity: 许多到期之路： microRNA biogenesis pathways and their regulation小分子RNA生物合成途径及其调控 Julia Winter1,3,Stephanie Jung1,3, Sarina Keller1, Richard I. Gregory2 and Sven Diederichs1,4 MicroRNAs are important regulators of gene expression that control both physiological and pathological processes such as development and cancer. Although their mode of action has attracted great attention, the principles governing their expression and activity are only beginning to emerge. Recent studies have introduced a paradigm shift in our understanding of the microRNA biogenesis pathway, which was previously believed to be universal to all microRNAs. Maturation steps specific to individual microRNAs have been uncovered, and these offer a plethora of regulatory options after transcription with multiple proteins affecting microRNA processing efficiency. Here we review the recent advances in knowledge of the microRNA biosynthesis pathways and discuss their impact on post-transcriptional microRNA regulation during tumour development. 小分子RNA是作为控制生长和癌症等生理和病理过程中基因表达的重要调节物。虽然他们的行为模式已引起高度重视，但控制它们表达和活动的原理才刚刚开始出现。最近的研究提出了在我们的理解范围内的微RNA合成途径的转变模式，这是过去所认同的所有小分子RNA。针对个别小分子RNA的成熟步骤已被破获，这些为转录多种蛋白质后提供了很多影响小分子RNA处理效率的监管办法。在这里，我们回顾小分子RNA生物合成途径知识的最新进展，并讨论其在肿瘤发展过程中对转录后小分子RNA调控的影响。 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20–23-nucleotide), endogenous, single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression1. Mature miRNAs and Argonaute (Ago) proteins form the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a ribonucleoprotein complex mediating post-transcriptional gene silencing2–5. Complementary base-pairing of the miRNA guides RISC to target messenger RNAs, which are degraded, destabilized or translationally inhibited by the Ago protein6,7. 小分子RNA（miRNA的）短（20 - 23 -核苷酸），内源性，单链RNA分子，expression1的调节基因。成熟miRNAs与Argonaute (Ago) proteins形成RNA诱导沉默复合物(RISC)，是一种介导沉默基因转录的核蛋白复合体2-5。碱基互补性的miRNA引导RISC面向信使RNA，这是由Ago 蛋白引起的退化，不稳定或翻译后抑制6，7。 Proteomic st