英语四级阅读课件.ppt

细节是组成文章的主体部分，是用来阐明主旨大意的，或者说，是用来支撑主题思想的。要注意识别句子的功能及文中的承接语，以便充分理解文章的主旨及具体细节和事实。问题中有时含有NOT, EXCEPT, BUT等表示否定、排除等意义的词语，需要进行逆向思维。因此，考生一定要保持思维清晰，认真审题，不宜匆忙武断。从最近的十套全真试题看，细节占全部理解题的69.5%.常见的出题形式有： 1.Which of the following statement is true? 2.Which of the following statement is NOT true? 3.Which of the following statement is NOT mentioned in the text? 4.The statement made by the author are based on the evidence/example/fact that _____. 5.According to the author, who/what/when/where/which/why/how… 6.The author states all of the following EXCEPT… Sample 6 One of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin（青霉素）saved thousands of lives. In the First World War, for example, pneumonia （肺炎）was responsible for 18% of all the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than 1%. In addition, penicillin was helpful in keeping wounds from getting infected and in helping to speed the healing process of those wounds that did become infected. Q: What was the pneumonia death rate of all the deaths in the United States army during the Second World War? 　A) About 18%. B) No more than 1%. C) 1%. D) About 17%. 该段短文中句子的逻辑功能可划分如下：第一句为主题引入句。第二句“在战时使用青霉素挽救了几千条人命”，应为主题句。余下三句为支撑主题的陈述细节的句子： 　　承接语for example提示，第三句为例解性的细节；第四句具有与之对比的含义，可视为同一细节；in addition是增补性的承接语，提示第五句为另一个细节。显然，答案为B），二战其间美军中死于肺炎的人“不到百分之一”，选项用了“no more than ”，等同于原文的“less than”。 Sample 7 We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular” coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance(introduction stage) at one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced ( stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off( stage of maturity), sales went in