计算机学院专业英语_刘向东.pptVIP

Specialty English Chap. 1 Introduction: 1.2 History of operating systems 1. 1945-55, Vacuum Tubes and Plug-boards; 2. 1955-65, Transistors and Batch Systems; Word-oriented, Character-oriented; Input 1401 tape 7094 computing Output 1401 tape 3. 1965-80, ICs and Multiprogramming; Integrate Circuits. Multiprogramming: 1). Memory partitions 2). Spooling (info. Card disk (job1, job2, job3, job4 …) job0 computing ) 假脱机 3). Timesharing; 4. 1980-Present, Personal Computers; LSI, large Scale Integration; 1974, Intel came out with the 8080; Intel asked one of its consultants, Gary Kildall to write an OS to test 8080; Kildall produced the CP/M (Control program for microcomputers); 1980s, IBM designed the IBM PC, looked around for software, Bill Gates provide BASIC for OS, Bill suggested Kildall refused back to Bill, Bill buy DOS from Seattle Computer Products. offer DOS/Basic IBM. A key factor was to sell MS-DOS to computer companies for bundling with their hardware. 1960s, GUI, Graphical User Interface; 5. The Origin of the Species, Charles Darwin; German zoologist Ernst Haeckel stated that “Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny” Embryo repeats the evolution of species. 1). Mainframe Operating System; 2). Server Operating Systems; 3). Multiprocessor Operating systems; 4). Personal Computer Operating Systems; 5). Real-Time Operating Systems; 1.4 Computer hardware review 1. PC, program counter; 2. PSW, Program Status Word; 3. The moral of the story is that switching from one program to another, called a context switch, is an expensive business. 4. Interrupt Vector 5. ISA, Industry Standard Architecture; 6. PCI, Peripheral Component Interconnect; Hardware and OS Some devices are legacy typically. For they have fixed interrupt levels and I/O addresses. Interrupt Confliction; Teenagers who devoted their lives to the intricacies of the PC hardware could sometimes do this without making errors. 1.5 Operating system concepts 1. Process table; 2. Command interpreter/Shel