Alzheimer‘s disease.pptVIP

Senile Diseases Alzheimer‘s disease(阿兹海默症) Alzheimer‘s disease?(AD), also known in medical literature as?Alzheimer disease, is the most common form of dementia(痴呆). There is no cure for the disease, which?worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to?death. It was first described by German psychiatrist(心理医生) and neuropathologist(神经病理学家)?Alois Alzheimer?in 1906 and was named after him.? Characteristics he disease course is divided into four stages, with progressive patterns(渐进模式) of?cognitive(认知)?and?functional?impairments(功能障碍). Pre-dementia Early Moderate Advanced go The first symptoms are often mistakenly attributed to?ageing?or?stress.?Detailed?neuropsychological(神经心理学) testing?can reveal mild cognitive(轻度认知) difficulties up to eight years before a person fulfils the clinical criteria for?diagnosis(临床诊断标准) ?of AD.? back Pre-dementia In people with AD the increasing impairment of learning and memory eventually leads to a definitive diagnosis. In a small portion of them, difficulties with language, executive functions(执行功能),?perception?(agnosia)[知觉(失认症)], or execution of movements (apraxia)[执行动作(失用症)] are more prominent than memory problems. Early back Moderate Progressive deterioration eventually hinders(阻碍) independence, with subjects being unable to perform most common activities of daily living.?Speech difficulties become evident due to an inability to?recall vocabulary, which leads to frequent incorrect word substitutions (paraphasias). Reading and writing skills are also progressively lost. back back Advanced During the final stage of AD, the person is completely dependent upon caregivers.?Language is reduced to simple phrases or even single words, eventually leading to complete loss of speech.?Despite the loss of verbal language abilities, people can often understand and return emotional signals. Cause The cause for most Alzheimers cases is still essentially unknown (except for 1% to 5% of cases where genetic differences have been identified). S