被动语态教程.docxVIP

被动语态英语的谓语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。具体来说：? Tom broke the window.（主动语态）?①??? ? ②??????? ??? ③ The window was broken by Tom. （被动语态） ③??????????? ???? ②???????????????? ①从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中变成了短语by Tom，主动句中的宾语the window变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态一． 被动语态的构成被动语态的基本构成是：be + 过去分词。与主动语态一样，被动语态也有各种时态形式，列表如下（以动词ask为例）：时 间一 般进 行完 成现 在?am/is/are asked?被问?am/is/are being asked?正在被问?have/has been asked?已经被问过过 去?was/were asked（过去）被问?was/were being asked（过去）正被问?had been asked（过去）已被问过将 来?shall/will be asked?将要被问1．被动语态的各种时态均由助动词be的变化构成。2．被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。过去将来?should/would be asked（过去）将要被问二、常见的被动结构1? /english/JuniorEnglish/120statement.htmSVO/english/JuniorEnglish/120-1.htm句型的被动结构SVO句型中的谓语为单宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S + V(被动式) (+ by短语)。例如：He wrote the book two years ago. → The book was written by him two years ago.? 这本书是他在两年前写的。They are cleaning the house. → The house is being cleaned (by them).? 房子正在被（他们）打扫。You’re wanted on the phone.? 有你的电话。2? /english/JuniorEnglish/120-1.htmSVoO/english/JuniorEnglish/120statement.htm句型的被动结构SVoO句型中的谓语动词为双宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S + V(被动式) + O/o(保留宾语) (+ by短语)。需要说明的是，一般把间接宾语（表示人）作为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语（表示物）作为保留宾语。如果把直接宾语作为被动句的主语，则间接宾语作为保留宾语，它的前面通常要用介词to或for（视动词而定）。例如：My aunt gave me an apple. → *I was given an apple. / An apple was given to me.? *有人给了我一只苹果。［被动句中省略了by my aunt。］3? /english/JuniorEnglish/120-1.htmSVOC/english/JuniorEnglish/120statement.htm句型的被动结构SVOC句型中的谓语动词为复宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S + V(被动式) + C(主语补足语) (+ by短语)[1]。例如：People usually call me Jim for short. → I am usually called Jim for short.? 我常常被人直呼吉姆。They asked Mike to write soon. → Mike was asked to write soon.? 迈克被要求尽快写信。He made the baby laugh. → The baby was made to laugh (by him).? 那个婴儿被（他）逗笑了。［请比较前后两句中的划线单词，被动句中需要加上to。］在被动句中作主语补足语的不定式一律要带to，不论其作宾语补足语时是否带to（请见以上各例句）。4? 短语动词的被动结构短语动词的被动结构是：S + V(被动式) + 介词/副词 (+ by短语)。例如：We have sent for a doctor. → A doctor has been sent for.? 已经派人去请医生了。I turned off the radio just now. → The radio was turned off just now.? 收音机刚