unit 2 basic features of lightning.pptVIP

English on Lightning Protection System Unit 2 Basic Features of Lightning Topic 7 What is the Earth’s Charge and What Charges the Earth? Topic 8 Thundercloud’s Electrical Structure Topic 10 When Lightning Occur? Topic 22 How Surge Voltages Occur in Power and Data Lines? Topic 7 What is the Earth’s Charge and What Charges the Earth? The earth is electrically charged and acts as a spherical capacitor. The earth has a net negative charge of about a million coulombs, while an equal and positively charge resides in the atmosphere. The electrical resistivity of the atmosphere decreases with height to an altitude of about 30 miles, where the resistivity becomes more or less constant. This region is known as the electro sphere. There is about a 300,000 volt potential difference between the Earth’s surface and electro sphere, which gives an average electric field strength of about 6 V/m throughout the atmosphere. Near the surface, the fine weather electric field strength is about 100V/m. 什么是地球电荷，什么使地球带电？ 地球是带电的并且相当于一个球形电容器。地球携带着约一百万库仑的净负电荷，同时大气中携带有等量的正电荷（同时等量的正电荷驻留在大气中）。 大气的电阻率在海拔30英里范围内随着高度逐渐减少，在30英里处大气的电阻率几乎不变。这个区域（带电粒子）被称为带电层。在地球表面与带电层之间存在约30万伏特的电势差，能在大气中提供平均约为6V/m的电场强度。在地表附近，晴天的电场强度约为100V/m。 If there is a fair weather electric field strength of 100V/m, you may want to set up two plates 10 centimeters apart, which could act like a battery and power your mobile phone. You can’t do this because batteries don’t work that way. The resistivity of air is 3 giga ohms/m for a 1-cm cross section near the surface, thus the internal resistance of this hypothetical battery would be too great to be feasible. Because the atmosphere is not a perfect insulator, there is a small current between the electro sphere and the Earth. Negative charge leaks from the Earth and rises to the electro sphere. This is called the fair weather electric and it is about 2000 amps at any given moment. At this rate , the Earth’s charge would dissipate in less than an hour,