Lec9 LX conductivity of soil II(e2).pptVIP

热渗透（Thermoosmosis） Water flow driven by temperature gradient Significant for gas phase Important for unsaturated soil * Chemical osmosis * 第22章 毛细管电泳 22－1 毛细管电泳的原理Electrokinetic phenomena for colloid 电泳 (Electrophoresis) 在电场作用下，溶液中的带电粒子作定向移动的现象。 电渗 (Electroosmosis) 在电场作用下，毛细管或固相多孔物质内液体沿固体表面移动的现象。 流动电势 （Streaming potential) 外力作用下，使液体在毛细管中流经多孔膜时，在膜两边产生电势差称为流动电势。 沉降电势 (Sedimentation potential) 将分散相粒子在分散介质中迅速沉降，在液体的表面层与底层之间产生的电势差称为沉降电势。 Electrophoresis (电泳) * NaCl溶液 Fe(OH)3 溶胶 + － 电泳示意图 Streaming and sedimentation potential * N2加压 电位差计 电极 多孔塞 流动电势测量示意图 沉降电势测量示意图 Electroosmosis Fluid flow in electrical field * Eelctroosmosis in soil Electroosmosis = Fluid slip over the double layer, as an electric field pushes on the screening cloud Electrophoresis = particle motion due to electro-osmosis * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Electrokinetic Application The utilisation of electrokinetic in geotechnical engineering for dewatering (electroosmosis) and stabilisation of low permeability soil started in an early 1930s by Casagrande (Pugh, 2002; Ou et al. 2009). * * Electroosmotic Consolidation * Electroosmotic Consolidation * Electroosmotic Consolidation * Shrinkage fractures and cracks caused by electroosmotic dewatering * * * * * * Helmholtz–Smoluchowski model for electrokinetic phenomena Viscous force Driven force * Electroosmotic hydraulic conductivity * Hydraulic conductivity electroosmotic hydraulic conductivity Hydraulic conductivity Highly depends on pore size Electroosmotic hydraulic conductivity Regardless to the pore size distribution * Electroosmotic hydraulic conductivity * Consolidation by electroosmosis Water moves away from the anode Pore pressure decrease Effective stress increase * Consolidation theory Volume change = water discharge Constant compressibility * Energy requirements Coefficient for the amount of water moved while per unit charge passed during the electroosmosis *