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摘 要 本文以CuSO4? 5H2O粉末和NH4VO3粉末为原料，采用水热法和沉淀法制备了铜钒氧（铜钒酸盐）纳米线与纳米片前驱体，在不同温度下对所得前驱体进行灼烧，用DTA和SEM分析仪对煅烧后的铜钒氧进行表征，并对热电池正极材料的电化学性能进行了研究 实验表明由水热法制备的Cu3V2O7 (OH) 2·2H2O纳米线前驱体，在650℃高温下煅烧后的CVO阴极材料，加入一定比例的四元电解质和部分银粉作导电剂时具有较高的放电电压和放电比容量。此方法有无污染环境的气体产生、制备的阴极材料性能良好等优点，但其耗能大，反应时间长，产率低，沉淀法制备的纳米铜钒氧阴极材料更利于推广。因此，铜钒氧材料是一种很有前景的热电池阴极材料。 关键字：铜钒氧；水热法；沉淀法；纳米阴极材料；热电池 Abstract Using CuSO4? 5H2O powder and NH4VO3 powder as raw materials, CVO (copper vanadium oxide) nanowires and nanosheets precursor are fabricated by the Hydrothermal method and precipitation， and burned on the resulting precursors at different temperatures in this work. The structure of the the resulting precursors as synthesized Copper Vanadate powder is characterized by XRD, differential thermal analyzer.，and then electrochemical properties of CVO cathode materials of thermal battery were tested at the galvanostatic discharge current. Electrochemical measurements reveal that, CVO cathode material made from Cu3 V2 O 7 ( OH ) 2·2H2 O nanowire precursor by the Hydrothermal Synthesis exhibit a high open circuit voltage and a high discharge capacity, longer discharge time and larger discharge capacity,when calcined at 650 ℃ high temperature after adding a certain percentage of quaternary electrolytes and some silver as a conductive agent. This method has advantage of operating simply, environmental pollution gas that is not producted, good performance of the resulting cathode material, etc,but consumpting energy, long reaction time and low yield,and nano-copper vanadium oxide cathode material prepared by precipitation is more conducive to the promotion..So CVO is a promising cathode material in the field of the thermal batteries. Keywords: Keywords: Copper vanadium oxide; hydrothermal method; precipitation; nano cathode material; thermal batteries目 录 摘 要 I Abstract II 1 前言 1 1.1 课题背景 2 1.2 纳米材料概述 3 1.3 热电材料概述 6 1.3.1 热电材料发展历史 6 1.3.2 热电材料发展现状 7 1.4.1 钒氧化物正极材料概述 13 1.4.2 钒酸盐正极材料概述 15 1.5 本文研究内容及其意义 18 2 实验