3、Structure and Technology.pptVIP

Specialized English School of Physics Optoelectronic Engineering W. Zhang An input port or an output port in the circuit sense consists of a pair of terminals. Since the BJT is a three-terminal device, one of the three terminals is permitted to be common to the input and output ports, and the other two terminals are each uniquely associated with each port. For reasons that we shall examine ,when the base and emitter terminals are chosen for the input port with the collector and emitter terminals taken for the output port, the BJT can exhibit both current gain and voltage gain. This useful combination of properties has made the common-emitter configuration the most widely used of the several possibilities, a term acknowledging that the emitter terminal is common to the input and output ports. The adjective “grounded-emitter” is also sometimes applied to this connection. The BJT symbol in Figure 2-1 (b) has associated with each terminal a pair of arrows representing current directions. The solid arrows show the directions of conventionally positive terminal current-always in ward. The dashed arrows show the actual directions of positive conventional current at each terminal for the bias and conditions in Figure 2-1(a). Note that in the cases of base and collector currents , the two most important to the common-emitter problem, the two current conventions are in agreement with respect to direction, a matter of significant convenience. Operation of the BJT can be approached by examining the properties of its two junctions individually，considering them to be isolated．As we saw in Chapter 1，this is term that describes a junction whose end regions are extensive in the x direction (since we continue to consider one-dimensional structures only). As a result, the carrier-density disturbances that accompany junction biasing have space enough to “fade away before they reach the inevitable contacts．Thus the inherent properties of the