信号与系统chapter 2.pptVIP

CHAPTER 2 LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT SYSTEMS 2.0 INTRODUCTION LTI systems possesses the superposition(叠加) property. Represent signals as linear combinations of delayed impulses . Convolution sum(卷积和) or convolution integral(卷积积分). linear constant-coefficient difference or differential equations (线性常系数差分或微分方程). 2.1 DISCRETE-TIME SYSTEMS: THE CONVOLUTION SUM The representation of discrete-time signals in terms of unit samples: The Convolution Sum Representation of LTI Systems 2.6 SUMMARY It is important to emphasize that the condition of initial rest does not specify a zero initial condition at a fixed point in time, but rather adjusts this point in time so that the response is zero until the input becomes nonzero. Thus, if x(t)=0 for t≤t0 for a causal LTI system, then y(t)=0 for t≤ t0, and we would use the initial condition y(t0)=0 to solve for the output for t t0. forced response (受迫响应) natural response (自然响应) General Nth-order linear constant-coefficient differential equation: N auxiliary conditions: If R=4, C=1/2, and the input signal is Then we obtain From the eigenvalue of the homogeneous equation, we can write Since for t0, so let Taking x(t) and for t 0 into the original equation yields Thus So the solution of the differential equation for t0 is In Example 2.4, Taking use of the condition – initial rest, we obtain Consequently, or for t0 General Nth-order linear constant-coefficient difference equation: First resolution: N auxiliary conditions: Second resolution: (recursive method(迭代方法)) Example 2.5 Solve the difference equation and y[0]=1. The eigen equation is So the eigenvalue is a= –2 We can write Let Taking into the original equation yields Thus The solution for the given