Unit 8 transport.pptVIP

2 steps of shipment 1. negotiation of the shipment before signing a contract 协商装运 (1) negotiation about mode of shipment (2) enquiring about time of shipment 2. execution of the shipment clauses in the contract 执行装运 (1) inquiring about shipment (2) urging shipment (3) shipping advice (发货通知) Execution of shipment In making a single shipment by liner, 1. The 1st step is to: ascertain the rate. 确定运费。 The quotation of a rate (运费报价)for a certain shipment constitutes an offer on the part of the carrier(承运人). If the shipper (发货人) wishes to make this rate binding (生效/有法律约束力), he must accept the proposal promptly at the rate quoted. 2. Then, the carrier reserves the required space (留出预订舱位)and delivers to the shipper or his agent a shipping permit /shipping order. (发给发货人或船方代理下货纸/装货单) 3. Next, this permit is addressed to the receiving clerk at the dock (码头收单人). 4. When the goods are delivered to the dock, the shipping permit is exchanged for a dock receipt or a mate’s receipt (码头收据/大副收据), which is a brief statement from the carrier’s representative at the dock, indicating that the shipment has been received in apparent good order. (This is a temporary receipt which must be exchanged for the regular ocean bill of lading before the vessel sails.) (此收据在轮船起航前,要被换成正规的海运提单，所以它为临时性单据。) Bill of lading The ocean bill of lading is an essential document in making a shipment. It represents 3 aspects: 1. It is a receipt of the goods. (收货凭据) 2. It is a contract for the performance of certain services upon certain conditions. (按一定条件执行一定服务的契约) 3. It serves also as evidence of ownership of the goods described, and when made out “to order”, it becomes in practice a negotiable instrument (可转让文书), used as security for loans and other purposes. (证明对所描述的货物的所有权,贷款或其它目的保障---只限于提示提单) order B/L straight B/L Order B/L: negotiable Straight B/L: non-negotiable and made out to a specific consignee. Some information about shipment 1. After making shipment, the seller shoul