Chapter 18 Diffraction.pptVIP

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Chapter 18 Diffraction

Destructive Double-slit interference One-slit diffraction Constructive Double-slit interference 强度为零的衍射光相干,相长干涉的强度仍为零—缺级 Missing order: p, q为互质整数比时,缺 np 级 缺第 3 , 6、9、12 ?????? 级 1.Grating Types: b+a Reflection grating b+a Transmission grating a 透光部分的宽度 d=a + b —— 光栅常数 b 不透光部分的宽度 Grating constant 18.5 Diffraction Grating 31-7 a number of equally spaced parallel slits (104 -105 lines per cm) 2. Grating equation Grating equation Grating diffraction= diffraction of every slit+ interference Q点为主极大时 Bright fringe,明纹,主极大 o screen Lens ? (a+b)sin? ? a+b Q NEQ EQ Dark fringe:N个缝在Q点的N个振幅的矢量合为零 Combine (1)、(2) 暗纹间距=(主明纹间距/N) 相邻主明纹间有 N-1 个暗纹和 N-2 个次明纹。 EN E3 E2 E1 如 N = 4,有三个极小 1 2 3 4 ?? ?? /2 4 1 ?? ?? 1 2 3 4 ?? ?3? /2 I N2I0单 sin? 0 4 8 -4 -8 (? /d) 单缝衍射 轮廓线 光栅衍射 光强曲线 N = 4 a+b= 4a 3. Discussion: (2) missing orders 缺级 (1) The maximum order 最高级次 p,q为互质整数比时, 缺 np 级 Number of bright lines=2mmax+1 the greater of number of slits, the narrower and brighter the bright bands (a) 1 slit (f) 20 slits (e) 6 slits (c) 3 slits (b) 2 slits (d) 5 slits (P715 Example 31-7) Diffraction grating: lines. Calculate the first- and second-order angles for light of wavelength 400 nm and 700nm if the grating contains10000 lines/cm. Solution: f So In first order, the angles are In second order So Example 600-nm monochromatic light falls on a diffraction grating normally, and the first order bright band is observed at a angle . If a=b , determine how many orders can be seen on the screen. Solution: Missing orders: So, orders can be seen on the screen Example ? = 0.5 ?m 的单色光垂直入射到光栅上,测得第3级主极大的衍射角为30o,且第4级为缺级。求:(1)光栅常数d;(2)透光缝最小宽度a;(3) 对上述 a、d 屏幕上可能出现的谱线数目。 d =3 ?m (2)缺4级? a =0.75 ?m (3) m = 0, ? 1, ? 2, ? 3, ? 5 9条! Example: 例 用每毫米有500条栅纹的衍射光栅观察钠光谱线 问:1、光线垂直入射; 2、光线以30度角入射时,最多能看到第几级条纹? 解:1、 最多条纹数由 决定 2、 f A B C 第三级条纹 第五级条纹 White bight strikes a grating, t

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