E光的衍射.pptVIP

Chapter 16 Diffraction of light §3 Fraunhofer diffraction by a slit单缝夫琅和费衍射 §5 Diffraction by a grating 光栅衍射 * §1 The diffraction of light wave §2 Huygens---Fresnel principle §3 Fraunhofer diffraction by a slit §4 Fraunhofer diffraction by a circular aperture The resolving power of optical instruments §5 Diffraction by a grating §6 The diffraction of X- rays Bragg condition §7 Application §1 Diffraction of light wave 光的衍射 1 The phenomena of diffraction (1) Diffraction by a single-slit 单缝衍射 (2) Diffraction by a circular aperture 圆孔衍射 (3) Diffraction by a grating 光栅衍射 2 The classification of diffractions 衍射分类 (1) Frensnel diffraction 菲涅耳衍射 The distance between obstacle and light source or screen are finite (2) Fraunhofer diffraction 夫琅和费衍射 The light source and screen are infinite from obstacle ? Light source screen obstacle ? light source screen obstacle 3 The purpose to research diffraction (1) In theory: Research wave property of light (2) In practice Optical spectrometer 光谱仪 (3) Resolving power 分辨率 分辨本领 ? Eyes 眼睛： The limit of resolution of eye: 1； ? Visible light microscope可见光显微镜： The limit of resolution of visible light microscope: 0.03 The resolving power is 2000 times of eyes； ? Electron microscope电子显微镜： The limit of resolution of electron microscope: 0.00003 The resolving power is 1000 times of visible light microscope ； 可以分辨约为30? 的两物点 §2 Huygens-Frensnel principle 1 Huygens principle 惠更斯原理 Every point on a wave front can be regarded as the center of a secondary disturbance which gives rise to spherical wavelets; The position of the wave –front at any later time is the envelope of all such wavelets. 2 Huygens-Frensnel principle “the secondary wavelets mutually interfere” 子波相干叠加 The wavelets generated by all points in the same wave front is coherent wave 同一波面上各点发出的子波是相干波 (2) All the wavelets mutually interfere 各子波相遇进行相干叠加 ? S The amplitude at P： Proportional to area and inverted proportional to distance 正比于面元，反比于