英语教案Chapter4LearningTheories.docVIP

Chapter Four Learning Theories Ⅰ. Knowledge Objectives: Know what is learning and the history of learning theory. Describe three psychological perspectives of learning Describe the key principles of the behaviorism and the cognitive theory. Recite the professional vocabulary Ⅱ. Content: Section A Why Theories of Learning Section B The Behaviorist Orientation to Learning Section C Cognitive Information-Processing Theory Section D Constructivism Section E Four Research Orientations to Learning Ⅲ. Instructional key: The Behaviorist Orientation to Learning and Cognitive Information-Processing Theory Constructivism’s greatest impacts on the field Ⅳ.Instructional difficulty: the similarity and difference between three psychological perspectives of learning Ⅴ.Instructional method: instruct ;practice；discuss； Ⅵ.Period: 4 [Review the knowledge about learning 5min ] Section A ：Why Theories of Learning? Question 1: what is learning? 1 in most psychological theories, learning is defined as ‘a persisting change in human performance or performance potential’. 学习被定义为“人类能力或潜能的持续改变” Question 2: why theories of learning? --- a broad-based foundation in learning theory can make the practice of ISD become narrowly focused on means rather than on the rightful end. Section B The Behaviorist Orientation to Learning 1. what is the behaviorist orientation to learning? 1 research procedures: laboratory experimentation the use of experimental procedures to study behavior in relation to the environment.?用实验过程研究与环境相关的行为In this the environment is seen as providing stimuli to which individuals develop responses. [观点介绍，要求学生翻译] In essence three key assumptions underpin this view: Observable behavior rather than internal thought processes are the focus of study. The environment shapes ones behavior The principles of contiguity and reinforcement are central to explaining the learning process. B. Thorndike: S-R theory 效果律 law of effect The responses or behaviors were strengthened or w