药英重点.docVIP

药英重点 考试题型 填空题1x20 名解3x10 简答题8x3 问答题13x2 90min Concepts Pharmacology ——the study of interactive action between drugs and living organisms. Pharmacology is a discipline that deals with mechanisms of action naturally occurring mediators and drugs at the level of the whole organism and the cell. Drug——any chemical agent which affects any biological process. In pharmacology, a drug is a chemical substance used in the prevention，treatment, and diagnosis （诊断）of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being. Pharmacokinetics（药代动力学）——what the body does to drug. Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism(代谢) and excretion(elimination)(排泄). Half-life : the time required for the plasma(血浆) concentration of drug to be reduced by 50%. Prodrug: metabolism after result in inactivation (失活)of the drug. Some drugs which were activated by metabolism are called prodrugs. Pharmacodynamics:The study of the biochemical and physiological functions of drugs and their mechanisms of action. Drugs alter normal biochemical and physiological function in 3 main ways: 1、Interact with specific receptors 2、Alter activity of enzymes 3、Work by nonspecific physical or chemical interactions Drug receptors: A protein macromolecule(大分子，高分子) produced by the body that was designed by nature to interact with an endogenous molecule(ligand配体),but which will also interact with the drug molecule, if it has the correct chemical structure. It is a specific drug-binding site in a cell on its surface that mediates the action of the drug. Endogenous substance: A substance produced by the body. Exogenous(=extrogenous) substance: A substance not produced by the body. A protein macromolecule designed by nature to interact with an endogenous molecule(here called primary ligand) Agonist: a drug that occupies and activates a receptor, thereby producing a cellular response. Has Intrinsic activity α=1 Intrinsic activity: is a constant(常数) for given drug and is a partial