which以及which和that的区别.docVIP

Which的特殊用法 在非限制性定语从句中， which 可以代表主句的一部分，甚至全部，而不仅仅限于一个名词或代词：? This I did at nine o’clock, after which (=doing it) I sat some time reading the paper.?? 我九点钟做了这事，之后我就坐着看了一会儿报。???He said he had never seen her before, which was not true.?他说他以前从未见过她，这不是真的。2）which有时在从句中作定语：? He advised me to hide behind the door, which advice I took at once.?? 他让我躲在门后，我立即照着做了。?? She may not be in, in which case you could leave her a note.?? 她可能不在家，如果是那样你可以给她留个条。?在书面语中，有时把这类从句单列成一句：? From which he learned a few lessons which were later of value to him.? 从中他得到了一些教训，对他后来很有用处。3）which还可以和不定式一起用：? Allow me one minute in which to change my costume.?? 给我一点时间去换装。?? Now he had no pretext on which to stay in the house.?? 现在他没有什么借口再这家待下去了。4）which 有时还可以表示“任何一个”，意思和whichever差不多：? You may have which apple you like. 你想要哪个苹果就拿哪个。? Take which dresses you want from my wardrobe. 想要什么衣服就从我的衣柜里拿。? You may select which you like. 你可挑选任何你喜欢的。? Use which method you prefer. 你愿意用什么方法都行。 Which和that的区别 　　* that可代表人(a)，也可代表东西(b)： 　　a. He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree. (谚)想吃果子就得爬树。 b. I reached the gate that opened onto the lake. 我走到临湖而开的那扇门前。 　　　在从句中作宾语时，that常可省略： 　　This is the best hotel (that) I know. 这是我知道的最好的旅馆。 　　* which只能代表东西或动物： 　　I want to take away the book which you showed me yesterday. 我想带走你昨天给我看的那本书。 　　She was not in the train which arrived just now. 她不在刚到的火车上。 　　当它在从句中作宾语时常常可以省略： 　　This is the book (which) you want. 这是你要的书。 　　which还可在从句中作介词的宾语： 　　The situation which he found himself in was difficult. 他的处境非常困难。 　　在这种从句中，只有which可以紧跟介词，that则不可以(在最后两个例句中which都不能换作that)。如果which不紧跟介词，则一般可换为that，也可以省略： 　　This is the house (which/that) I went into. 这就是我进去过的那座房子。 　　Tips: who，that，which有相似之处，也有不同之处。一般说来代表人时多用who(m)，代表东西时用that时更多一些，有时也可用which，在紧跟介词时只能用which，不能用that。在从句中作宾语时，这些关系代词常可省略。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 　　定语从句有两类：限制性定语从句(restrictive attributive clauses)和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive attributive clauses)。 　　* 限制性定语从句：前面所给例句基本上都包含限制性定语从句，它限制所修饰名词或代词的意义，一般说来如把从句去掉句子意思就不清