the rise of the empire.pptVIP

The Rise and Fall the British Empire (1688-1990) Objectives Triangle Trade — Enclosure Movement — cotton textile industry — Chartist Movement — World Wars — Great Depression — Labor Party — decline of the empire — welfare state — National Insurance Act — National Health Act — nationalization — denationalization — European Union — Commonwealth nations — Margaret Thatcher — John Major — Tony Blair — the Third Way Focal Questions The Victorian Age is known for the development of middle class values. What do you think are the most important enduring values developed during the period? What are the characteristics of the Second British Empire? How was it different from the First one? What were the natures of the two world wars? What are the differences between the Conservative Party and the Labor Party in their principles? Illustrate the difference between Thatcher’s government and the previous conservative government? Agricultural Changes in the Late 18th Century Enclosure movement “open-field” system露地耕作制 The open field system was the prevalent agricultural system in much of Europe during the Middle Ages and lasted into the 20th century in parts of western Europe Under the open field system, each manor or village had two or three large fields, usually several hundred acres each, which were divided into many narrow strips of land. The strips or selions were cultivated by individuals or peasant families, often called tenants or serfs. The holdings of a manor also included woodland and pasture areas for common usage and fields belonging to the lord of the manor and the church. The farmers customarily lived in individual houses in a nucleated village with a much larger manor house and church nearby. The open field system necessitated cooperation among the inhabitants of the manor. The Lord of the Manor, his officials, and a Manorial court领主法院administered the manor and exercised jurisdiction over the peasantry. The Lord levied rents and required the peasantry to work on