EENG- Computer Arch ICh1-3Principles.pptxVIP

Ch1. Fundamentals of Computer Design 3. Principles CSCI/ EENG – 641 - W01 Computer Architecture 1 Prof. Babak Beheshti Slides based on the PowerPoint Presentations created by David Patterson as part of the Instructor Resources for the textbook by Hennessy Patterson Comp. Arch. is an Integrated Approach What really matters is the functioning of the complete system hardware, runtime system, compiler, operating system, and application In networking, this is called the “End to End argument” Computer architecture is not just about transistors, individual instructions, or particular implementations E.g., Original RISC projects replaced complex instructions with a compiler + simple instructions 2 Computer Architecture is Design Analysis 3 Architecture is an iterative process: Searching the space of possible designs At all levels of computer systems Creativity Good Ideas Mediocre Ideas Bad Ideas Cost / Performance Analysis Our Focus Understanding the design techniques, machine structures, technology factors, evaluation methods that will determine the form of computers in 21st Century 4 Technology Programming Languages Operating Systems History Applications Interface Design (ISA) Measurement Evaluation Parallelism Computer Architecture: ? Organization ? Hardware/Software Boundary Compilers 1) Taking Advantage of Parallelism Increasing throughput of server computer via multiple processors or multiple disks Detailed HW design Carry lookahead adders uses parallelism to speed up computing sums from linear to logarithmic in number of bits per operand Multiple memory banks searched in parallel in set-associative caches Pipelining: overlap instruction execution to reduce the total time to complete an instruction sequence. Not every instruction depends on immediate predecessor ? executing instructions completely/partially in parallel possible Classic 5-stage pipeline: 1) Instruction Fetch (Ifetch), 2) Register Read (Reg), 3) Execute (ALU), 4) Data Memory Access (Dmem),