运输管理复习(整理).doc

1. Place Utility: Getting the products to the point of consumption creates Place Utility. The product will have no value unless consumed by the end consumers who demanded for the products Time Utility: Getting the products to market on time creates Time Utility. The product will not be as valuable to the consumer once the demand no longer exists or there is a substitute. 2. Product: Ease or difficulty of transporting the product Cost of transportation Transport equipment availability Capacity of equipment to move the product Pricing Transportation cost is a variable expense of business operations Will influence the price of the product as organizations need to recover the costs spent on transportation Good control of these costs will enable lower prices of products sold Target Markets Availability cost of transportation will determine if a product can be sold to a target market More important is the ability to consistently provide the product to the target market in a timely manner Purchasing/Procurement/Acquisition Transportation cost, availability and ability will influence what is purchased by an organization from raw products to parts to finished goods Facility Location Transportation availability, adequacy and cost will determine the proximity of locations (warehouse, factories/retail outlets) to the final customers 3. Transportation Costs（影响运输成本的两个因素） (1) Product-Related Factors(产品自身因素): Density Low density products (low weight-to-volume ratios) = higher transportation cost per kg Stow-ability (Cube Utilization) High stow-ability = lower transportation cost Ease/Difficulty in Handling Products that are more difficult to handle = higher transportation costs Liability Higher liability assumed by transportation carrier = higher transportation costs (2) Market-Related Factors（市场因素） ① Degree of intra-mode and inter-mode competition ② The location of markets ③ The nature and extent of government regulation ④ The balance/imbalance of freight traffic in a mark