《嵌入式系统》课程论文Linux进程调度策略及内存管理机制.docVIP

Linux进程调度策略及内存管理机制 摘 要: 内存是Linux内核所管理的最重要的资源之一，内存管理系统是操作系统中最为重要的部分。对于Linux的初学者来说，熟悉Linux的内存管理非常重要。 进程是运行于虚拟地址空间的一个程序。可以说，任何在Linux系统下运行的程序都是进程。 Linux系统中包括交互进程和批处理进程。交互进程是由Shell控制和运行的，既可以在前台运行，也可以在后台运行。批处理进程不属于某个终端，被提 交到一个队列中以便顺序执行。大多数的进程都需要虚拟内存。 Linux进程中最知名的属性就是它的进程号（Process Identity Number，PID）以其父进程号（Parent Process ID，PPID）。PID、PPID都是非零正整数。一个PID唯一地标识一个进程。一个进程创建新进程称为创建了子进程（Child Process），创建子进程的进程称为父进程。所有进程追溯其祖先最终都会落到进程号为1的进程身上，这个进程叫做init进程，是内核自举后第一个启动的进程。Init进程的作用是扮演终结父进程的角色。因为init进程永远不会被终止，所以系统总是确信它的存在，并在必要时以它为参照。如果某个进程在它衍生出来的全部子进程结束之前被终止，就会出现必须以init为参照的情况。此时那些失去了父进程的子进程就都会以init作为其父进程。通过执行ps-af命令，可以列出许多父进程ID为1的进程。Linux提供了一条pstree命令，允许用户查看系统内正在运行的各个进程之间的继承关系。直接在命令行输入pstree，程序会以树状结构方式列出系统中正在运行的各进程之间的继承关系。 关键词: linux; 进程调度；调度策略；内存管理 Linux kernel process scheduling and memory management Abstract: Linux kernel memory is managed by one of the most important resources, memory management system is the most important part of the operating system. For Linux beginners to be familiar with Linuxs memory management is very important. Linux kernel memory is managed by one of the most important resources, memory management system is the most important part of the operating system. For Linux beginners to be familiar with Linux is memory management is very important.Process is running on a virtual address space of a program. Can be said that any program running under Linux system is the process. Linux system, including the interactive process and the batch process. Interactive process is controlled and run by the Shell, both running in the foreground, you can also run in the background. Batch process does not belong to a terminal, to be submitted to a queue for order execution. Most of the process requires virtual memory bstract . Linux is best-known properties of the process is its process ID (Process Identity Number, PID) to the parent process ID (Parent Process ID, PPID). PID, PPID is non-zero positive integer. A PID uniquely identifies a process. Create a new process, a pr