缺氧-双语.ppt

2. Circulatory system ? Cardiac output↑ due to: 1. cardiac contractility↑ 2. heart rate↑ 3. venous return↑ ? Redistribution of blood flow α-Adrenoceptor vasoconstriction Local metabolites vasodilation ? Hypoxic Pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV)→PaO2 ↑ Sympathetic nerve Humoral factors — AT、ET PGI2、NO、histamine Direct effect of O2 on SMC Capillary proliferation --- VEGF Decompesatory effect: Pulmonary hypertension Decreased diastolic and systolic myocardial function Arrhythmia Decrease in venous return to the heart Compensatory response: Increase in the amount of RBCs and Hb: EPO (Erythropoietin) Oxygen release capacity is improved: 2,3-DPG an increase in 2,3-DPG production a decrease in 2,3-DPG catabolism 3. Hematologic system alterations ?1 ?1 ?2 ?2 HbO2 ?1 ?1 ?2 ?2 HHb 2,3-DPG unable to bind 2,3-DPG binding site 2,3-DPG binds to HHb at the central cavity 4.Central nervous system ? Acute H → headache、impaired attention ? Chronic H → sleepiness, depression ? Severe H → confusion, coma, convulsion due to : energy deficiency and acidosis decreased RMP abnormal neurotransmitter synthesis cell damage vasodilation and cerebral edema Tissue and cellular alteration Compensatory response Enhanced capacity for cells to use O2 Enhanced anaerobic glycolysis Enhanced myoglobin Low metabolic states Decompesatory effects: Cell membrane injury Mitochondria injury Lysosomal injury HIF-1? hypoxia Pol II complex CBP/p300 HIF-1? HIF-1 Angiogenesis Glucose metabolism Cell proliferation HIF-1 is a heterodimer 缺氧Hypoxia Li Zhang The department of Pathophysiology Harbin Medical University O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 O2 含碳的可燃物不完全燃烧 incomplete burning of carbon- containing fuels 一氧化碳中毒 Carbon monoxide poisoning 为什么我们需要氧？ Why do we need oxyge