八年级上册句子成分.docVIP

八年级上册过度到八年级下册 章节 句子的成分 概念：组成句子的各部分叫做句子的成分 即主、Chinese boy. He usually plays basketball on the playground. Weather in Guiyang is nice and cool. 谓语 说明主语的动作或状态，一般由动词充当，也是句子的主体成分。 动词分为V实义（具有实际意义的词）、V连系（am、is、are、get 、fall、turn）V情态（can、could、 should、need、may、might、will、would）和V助（does、do、have、has）. I finished it yesterday. V实义单独作谓语 I felt cold. V连系与表语一起构成谓语 How can I get to the Great Wall? V情态与动词原形 省略to的不定式 构成合成谓语 I didn’t keep it. V助与动词原形共同构成谓语 宾语 表动作、行为的对象，一般由名、代或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 即及物动词所涉及的对象和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么” We enjoy playing football. Can I ask some questions 定语 用来修饰名、代词，一般由形、代、数、名、介词短语、不定式等修饰。 What’s your name 代 She’s a good basketball player. 形 I have something important to tell you. 形 She is a chemistry teacher. 名 Peel three bananas. 数 I have something interesting to tell you. 不定式 状语 用来修饰形动副或整个句子，一般表行为发生的时间、地点、目的、 方式、原因、结果、程度等。一般由副、介词短语或从句充当。 The students study hard. 副 We were having dinner when the telephone rang. 从句 I like it very much. 副 Hong Kong is not very cold in winter. 介词短语 宾语补足语 用来说明宾语的情况，一般置于宾语之后， 宾＋宾补 一起构成 复合宾语。常见接复合宾语的动词有:tell、let、help、teach、ask、see have、 order、make等,一般由名、形、不定式、分词、介词短语等充当。 The doctor told me to do more exercise. 不定式 I found the book very interesting. 形 My mother wants me to drink it. 不定式 7 表语 说明主语是什么、怎么样，由名形或相当于名或形容词的词或短语充当。和 V连系一起构成谓语。常用的V连系有:be am/is/are/was/were, look、get、sound、feel、turn、become、smell、taste等 She is an ordinary person. 名 You are many,but they are few. 代 He was the first to leave but the last to arrive. 数 The dish tastes delicious. 形 We were at table when you called. 介短 My job is to look after the baby. 不定式 He is out of home. 副词及其短语 五种基本句型：1.主+谓 大多是不及物，即后面不可以直接跟宾语 Yuan Longping works very hard. We exercise. 常见不及物动词有:work、run、swim、fish、jump、arrive、come、 die、cry、happen、disappear 消失 。。。 2.主+谓+宾 动词一般为及物动词，即后面可以直接跟宾语 宾语通常由名、代、动词不定式、动名词或从句充当。 I prefer to make web pages. 不定式 I like bananas. 名 I don’t know what I should do next. 从句 3.主+系+表 表示主语的特点、身份。 系动词分两类： 1 表状态 如:be、look、seem、smell、taste、sound、Keep等. Liu X